文殊法門「轉女成男」的女性受記

「受記」議題，自小乘佛教至大乘佛教有了極大的轉變。在原始佛教中，以佛釋尊一人為尊，對修行者的「受記成佛」給予了諸多限制，女性更因「五障／六礙、女身非法器」，被根本否定了「受記成佛」的可能。直至大乘佛教，女性「受記」成為可能，並可再分為「即女身受記」及「轉女成男受記」兩種類型。「女性即身受記」，雖可謂推翻了小乘「女人非法器」的觀念，呈現出大乘「無人我、無男女」的男女無分的思想，但大乘文殊法典中，女身透過「轉女成男」以受記的類型數目更多。「轉女成男」這種女性欲成佛、必得轉其身形為男以受記得道成佛的型態，可謂沿襲自小乘對女身的貶抑，但換個角度看，亦無疑是大乘佛教為求「眾生平等」而對女性修道者開啟的一個經轉換後可得授記成佛的出口。而「文殊法門」，為大乘佛教中從多方面來關心女身受記議題且經文數量佔大乘經典三分之一強的法門，因此，藉由對大乘文殊法門中的「轉女成男的女身受記」議題的討論，可洞見佛教由小乘對女性的徹底否定，至大乘的性無等差觀念轉換過程所呈現之豐富而紛雜的性別觀。

關鍵字

文殊法門；轉女成男；受記

並列摘要

The topic of ''be recorded'' has changed greatly from Hinayana Buddhism to Mahayana Buddhism. In primitive Buddhism, the Buddha was regarded as one person, and many restrictions were imposed on practitioners to ''be recorded as a Buddha''. Women were even denied ''be recorded as a Buddha'' because of the ''six obstacles of the female body''. Until Mahayana Buddhism, it became possible for women to ''be recorded'', and could be further divided into two types: ''female body'' and ''transition from female to male''. ''Women is the body to be recorded'', although it can be said that it overthrows the Hinayana concept and presents the Mahayana idea of ''no personal identity, no men and women.'' However, in the Mahayana Manjusri code, the female body is transformed into a female body. There are more types to ''be recorded''. ''Transforming women into men,'' this kind of woman who wants to become a Buddha must turn her body into a man in order to be recorded. In order to achieve ''equality of all beings'', it is opened to female ascetics, which can be converted into a Buddha. The ''Manjusri Method'' is a powerful method in Mahayana Buddhism that cared about the division of the female body in many aspects. Therefore, through the Mahayana Manjushri method, ''the female body of the woman who turns into a male is recorded.'' The previous discussion can insight into the rich and complicated gender outlook presented in the process of Buddhism's complete denial of women from the Hinayana to the Mahayana concept of sexual inequality.