口罩遮蔽對不同臉孔表情判斷之影響：與自閉症特質及同理心的關聯性

目的：表情辨識研究發現配戴口罩雖然可以防止病毒傳播，卻使臉孔僅剩眼睛可作為情緒判斷線索，自閉症特質與同理能力也在個體辨識情緒時扮演重要角色。因此，本研究整合上述議題，欲瞭解口罩遮蔽對不同臉孔表情判斷之影響，並探討與自閉症特質及同理心的關聯性。方法：採便利取樣，共有95位有效樣本。受試者依序填答自閉症光譜量表、大學生同理心量表，並進行臉孔表情辨識作業、台灣版閱讀眼神測驗的施測。結果：（1）口罩遮蔽臉孔造成整體判斷表現下降，其中，開心、傷心、生氣與噁心表情之判斷受口罩遮蔽所影響；（2）開心表情較不易被誤判，而害怕與驚訝表情、生氣與噁心表情呈系統性辨識錯誤；（3）自閉症特質與傷心表情之辨識呈負相關。結論：本研究採新式電腦化測驗檢驗本地華人參與者的表情辨識能力，並操弄不同表情與是否配戴口罩，檢驗本地大學生自閉症特質、同理能力與表情辨識之關聯。結果顯示口罩遮蔽臉孔影響受試者的判斷準確度，而自閉症特質、同理能力可能也影響了個體的判斷表現。

關鍵字

自閉症特質；同理心；表情辨識；口罩遮蔽臉孔

並列摘要

Objective: In the context of facial expression identification, it has been observed that wearing face masks prevents the virus from spreading, but it covers people's face that we only can judge expressions through the eyes. Similarly, autism traits and empathy also play important roles in emotion recognition. Therefore, the present study integrates these issues, aiming to understand the influence of mask covering on different facial expressions identification and to figure out the associations with autism traits and empathy. Method: Ninety-five participants were recruited through convenience sampling. All participants completed two questionnaires (the Mandarin version of the Autism-spectrum Quotient and the empathy scale for undergraduate students) and were tested on two computer-based tests (the facial expression identification test and the Chinese version of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test). Results: (1) The identification of facial expressions was worse with mask coverage. Specifically, happy, sad, angry and disgusted expression identification was influenced by the masks. (2) Happy expressions were less misidentified. While fear being misperceived as surprise (and vice versa), and anger being misperceived as disgust (and vice versa) were systematic errors. (3) There was a negative correlation between autism traits and the identification of sad expressions. Conclusion: The present study used new computer-based tests to examine local participants' ability of facial expressions identification. By manipulating different expressions and whether masks were worn, we examined how local college students' facial expression identification abilities related to their autism traits and empathy. The results revealed that masks would influence the accuracy of facial expression identification. Additionally, facial expression identification ability might be influenced by autism traits and empathy ability.