- 期刊
〈越王勾踐世家〉中范蠡「救子」的意義
The Meaning of Fan Li "Rescuing Children" in The Shijia of King Gou Jian of Yue
摘要
范蠡一生的成就與行事風格，頗受後人推崇與景仰，稱得上是後人效法的典範。然而， 《史記》關於范蠡「救子」一事的記載，卻引起後人許多討論。有人認為范蠡救子不成，還說自己有先見之明，算不上智者。有人認為這只是司馬遷藉以顯示范蠡的高超能力，此事是司馬遷所創造出來的，不必真有其事。這些討論，其實隱含了評論者的個人的價值觀。從《史記》其他篇章及司馬遷對道家思想的了解來看，第二種說法，比較符合司馬遷立傳的旨意。司馬遷將范蠡塑造成道家的典範，他能忍、能捨、功成而不居，而且超然物外，不為世俗的政治規範所左右，也不遠逆自然之道，而因順形勢，已經達到道家的最高境界。這些從范蠡輔佐勾踐復國、去國經商、散家財予親友、救子，無不流露出道家的精神，他可以說是司馬遷將道家思想具象化的成功範例。
並列摘要
The accomplishment and the way of handling affairs of Fan Li were much valued and admired by the posterity. However, the description of Fan Li ”rescuing children” in the ”Shiji”, lead to much debate. Some say that while Fan Li fail to rescue, he still thought he had foresight, so he is not really a ”wise man:. Some say that Sima Qian just take this story to show Fan Li's outstanding ability, and the story don't have to be true and could be made up by Sima Qian. All of these concealed critics' personal concept of value. From other chapters from ”Shiji” and Sima Qian's knowledge about Taoism's thinking, we see that second statement is more likely to be true.Sima Qian form Fan Li character as Taoism's model, he could endure, he could forsake, and claimed no credit for his service. He's emancipated, not affected by political rules, whereas not defying ways of nature and adapt to the circumstances, had reach to the highest level of Taoism. Everything from Fan Li assisting Gou Jian restoring country, leaving the country and carrying on business, giving away treasures to families and friends, all without exception shows spirit of Taoism. He could say to be a successful example of representing concept of Taoism by Sima Qian.