- 期刊
台灣宮廟組織及其運作之探討：以大甲媽祖鎮瀾宮為例
The Study of Organization and Operation of Taiwan's Matsu Jenn Lann Temple
摘要
媽祖是中國治海各省居民主要的宗教信仰對象之一，隨著人口的遷徙和華僑的外移，自宋、元、明、清乃至今日，媽祖信仰不斷的傳播和擴展，已遍及海內外各地。台灣的媽祖信仰是在明清之際由大陸移民渡海來台時引進。四百多年前，先民們從大陸沿海移民台灣，為祈求航海平安、謀生順利，隨身帶著媽祖的香火，提供心靈上的慰藉。由於媽祖神力庇佑、靈驗無比，全台灣各地信眾紛紛建廟奉祀，媽祖信仰於是遍及台灣各個角落，成為台灣民間最大的宗教信仰。 台灣主要的媽祖宮廟都是各個地方的政經活動中心，地方士紳積極參與媽祖宮廟事務，將信眾捐獻結餘的香油錢回饋鄉里，從事社會公益慈善事業。信眾透過對媽祖的虔誠信仰，將媽祖慈悲為懷、救苦救難的無私無我精神發揚光大，也反映出信眾對鄉土的認同與關懷。大甲鎮瀾宮自古以來就是台灣媽祖信仰的重鎮，也是台灣最具代表性的媽祖廟之一。每年一度的大甲媽祖遶境進香已經成為台灣宗教界最負盛名的媽祖慶典活動，近年來更揚名國際、享譽海內外，成為世界級的宗教活動之一。 鎮瀾宮歷史悠久，自清雍正8年（西元1730年）建廟至今，已有兩百七十六年之長遠歷史，常年香火鼎盛、廟宇雄偉莊嚴。在民國67年鎮瀾宮管理委員會改制，成立財團法人並組織董、監事會，依法選出董事長與董、監事負責處理廟務。鎮瀾宮的工作團隊與善男信女無時不以發揮媽祖犧牲奉獻、慈悲為懷的精神為己任，處處聞聲救苦、致力於社會公益事業，將鎮瀾宮結餘的香油錢回餿社會，包括貧民救濟、急難救助、興建育幼院、發放學生獎助學金、捐助民俗文化建設、補助社團活動、補助體育活動等等。 鎮瀾宮的未來目標與展望有以下五點：一、持續推動兩岸媽祖信仰交流，透過雙邊密切的聯繫與溝通，建立高度共識與深厚情誼。二、擴大服務層面，繼續從事社會公益慈善事業。三、積極規劃出版書籍、舉辦演講與座談，深入鄉中和城市的各個角落，讓媽祖文化開啟人性的善良光明面。四、建議中央政府訂定「媽祖節」，以大力推廣媽祖文化。五、持續積極舉辦一年一度的「媽祖國際觀光文化節」，讓更多民衆可以進一步親身體驗媽祖文化和大甲當地的風土人情及名勝古蹟。
並列摘要
Matsu has been one of the major religious belief in Chinese coastal provinces. Due to population reallocation both inside and outside China, the belief of Matsu has been continuously spread out since Song dynasty. The belief of Matsu in Taiwan was introduced by Chinese immigrants during the era of late Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty. More than 400 years ago, those Chinese immigrants brought along Matsu sfatues in order to pray for safe journey in the sea and good life in the new land. Because of Matsu's efficacious blessing, her believers all over Taiwan started to build Matsu temples consecutively. Therefore, the belief of Matsu has become the largest civil religion in Taiwan. Every Matsu temple is located at the center of politics and economics in different areas of Taiwan. Through the hard work of local elites, most donations to Matsu temples are usually transferred to engage in social charities, in order to reflect her temperament of benevolence and altruism. Jenn Lann Temple, located in Dajia, has long been one of the most significant Matsu temples in Taiwan. In addition, the annual ”Dajia Matsu Perambulation” has become the most well-known Matsu event of celebration not only in Taiwan, but also all over the world. Jenn Lann Temple was built in 1730, during the era of early Ching dynasty. With a long history of 276 years, Jenn Lann Temple has been highly prevalent among Matsu temples in Taiwan. The board of directors was established in 1978 to replace the management committee to take charge of the routine business. Social charities engaged by Jenn Lann Temple include poverty assistance, emergency aids, founding of orphanage, scholarships, subsidies to civil culture events, and so on. The future goals of Jenn Lann Temple are stated as follows. 1. Continuously promote the cross-strait relationship on the belief of Matsu. 2. Expand the categories of social charities. 3. Disseminate the culture of Matsu by publishing book, as well as launch speeches and seminars. 4. Advise the Central Government to grant Matsu festival. 5. Continue to run the annual ”Dajia Matsu Perambulation.”