A Comparison between Mandarin Chinese "Quan" and "Dou"

中文「全」與「都」的比較

李鴻麟(Larry Hong-Lin Li) ； 劉小梅(Hsiao-Mei Liu)

《高應科大人文社會科學學報》 9卷1期 (2012/07) Pp. 43-71

https://doi.org/10.29888/KUASJHSS.201207.0003

摘要

這篇論文主要在指出：要找出中文「全」與「都」的相似點及不同點必須由語意以及句法的觀點切入。至於兩者的相似點，本文指出當這個句子由指涉有限空間轉變為指涉無限空間時，「全」與「都」皆可以出現在該句中。關於兩者的不同點，本文發現唯有「都」可以出現在下列兩種句子之中：第一是當句子由指涉有限時間轉變為指涉無限時間時，而第二種是當句子指涉空間及時間皆無限制的「通則性」語意的情形下。本文的研究結果呼應兩點。第一，本文證明語言的研究是不能獨立於語意之外的。第二，文中所舉出時間座落點的語意切割證明了事件跟事物一樣，也是真實世界的實質物。

關鍵字

指涉 ； 空間 ； 時間 ； 切割機制

並列摘要

This study points out that the similarities and differences between ”quan” and ”dou” must be revealed from both the semantic and the syntactic perspectives. This study found that both ”quan” and ”dou” can co-occur with a situation where a spatially restricted meaning is converted into a spatially unrestricted meaning. As for the difference, this study pinpoints that ”dou” but not ”quan” can occur in the sentence referring to two situations: the first is the situation where a temporally restricted reading is converted into a temporally unrestricted reading; the second is the situation where the sentence imparts a spatially and temporally unrestricted reading. The results have some implications. First, this article has shown that the study of language cannot be complete without looking at semantic components. Second, the grinding of the temporal location indicates that eventualities are ontological entities like things.

並列關鍵字

reference ； space ； time ； universal grinder