- 期刊
政府在產學合作中的角色與作用
A Study of Governmental Role and Functions in Industry-Education Cooperation
摘要
近些年來，各國政府為了提高本國經濟競爭力，都十分重視產學合作，紛紛制定發展策略。各國推動產學合作，無論從學術單位、企業界或是政府的角度，可以說是創造了三贏的局面。美國、英國、德國及日本等國雖然在經濟體制、社會環境和文化上有很大不同，但都屬於以市場經濟為導向的國家，在產學合作方面都獲得了相當的成就。在這成就的背後，政府在其中扮演的是積極合作的夥伴角色。本文以美英德日的經驗，分別介紹這些主要先進國家的政府在促進產學合作所扮演的角色、作用及採取的措施。比較美英德日等國產學合作的做法，有許多共同之處，在制定政策上主要是採取增加政府對科技的投資、加強科技立法、促進成果轉化、推動和激勵企業發展等手段和措施，以下的經驗值得參考借鑑：1．政府委派或組建專門機構予以支援；2．政府通過政策性立法予以支援；3．政府以科技計畫對產學合作予以支援；4．政府設立基金撥出專款予以支援；5．政府開關多種資訊管道鼓勵支援科技人員交流。
關鍵字
產學合作並列摘要
In recent years, governments worldwide have paid much attention to industry-education cooperation and made development strategies accordingly due to the need for promoting their countries' economic competitiveness. The efforts in promoting industry-education cooperation have created an all-winning situation in all countries when viewed from the perspectives of academic institutions, industry or the government. Despite the great diversity in economic system, social environment, and culture in countries like the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan, they all belong to the category of market economy oriented countries, and have all accomplished great achievements in industry-education cooperation. Behind all these achievements, the government plays the role of a positively cooperating partner. Based on the experiences in these four major leading countries of the world, this article introduces separately the role of government in promoting industry-education cooperation, their functions, and the necessary measures that have been adopted. Many similarities are found among these four countries in the ways how industry-education cooperation is being implemented. At the policy-making level, the primary practice is increasing governmental investment in science and technology, improving legislation in regard to research on science and technology, promoting the transformation of research achievements, and encouraging measures that are conducive to carrying out industrial research and development. The following experiences are recommended by this article as governmental supportive measures: 1. governmental assignment of specific task forces; 2. legislation; 3. providing research grants; 4. setting up special funds; and 5. opening multiple channels of information exchanges for science and technology personnel.