日本沖繩縣與那國町“國境交流特區”構想的政經考察

與那國島在二次戰前及戰後幾年屬於台灣東部生活圈的一部份。隨後這個生活圈被人爲的國境線所阻礙，與那國島的人生活發生困難，人口急速外流，1萬多人到了2008年剩下l千6百多人。與那國島經過長期的蕭條之後，期望再和台灣進行經濟上的往來。在全球化下，地域之間的住民往來，尤其以姐妹市的交流，如與那國町和花蓮市的交流，對於東亞關係的維護意義重大。與那國町會於2005年4月通過「與那國自立展望」，其理念是「自立、自治、共生一一亞洲連結的國境之島與那國」。與那國町2005年6月向日本政府提出「國境交流特區」的構想，以提昇居民的生活，達到經濟的自立，並期待和台灣東部成爲一個經濟的生活圈。本文就其困難做出分析，以便對其自立的策略有進一步的理解。

關鍵字

與那國町；花蓮市；國境交流特區；自立；自律

並列摘要

Yonaguni was part of the living perimeter in East Taiwan Region around the World War II. This living perimeter later changed due to the intentional national-boundary, and caused living difficulties for the Yonaguni residents. Thus, population loss has become a serious problem for Yonagui. In the age of globalization, sister cities exchange, such as that of Hualien City and Yonagui, should be significant for the East Asia region in maintaining good international relationship. In June 2005, Yonaguni-cho proposed to the Japanese government a ＜||＞Vision of Special Area of Frontier Exchange＜||＞, for the purpose of enhancing living condition for local residents and looking for Yonaguni's economic self-reliance. Yonaguni wished to become part of the living perimeter in the East Taiwan Region again. However, the development of open port Sonai has considerable difficulties， and this is a major theme for discussion in this paper.