- 期刊
論布洛的「心理距離」說對藝術之美感鑑賞
On Bullough's Doctrine of Psychical Distance to Aesthetic Appreciation of Art
摘要
自十八世紀來「審美態度」（Aesthetic Attitude）是許多美學理論家積極探討的概念。審美態度是主體在審美經驗中對待審美對象的方式。在眾多審美態度理論裡，本篇僅就布洛（B ullough）的「心理距離」（Psychical Distance）說予以論說。布洛在他的《作為藝術因素和審美原則的‘心理距離’》（＂Psychical Distance＂ as a factor in Art and an Aesthetic Principle）論文中提出「心理距離」概念，他從心理學的角度來探究審美態度，也就是將「心理距離」作為一種審美原則。布洛說明藝術的距離概念，有「實際空間距離」（actual spatial distance）、「表象的空問距離」（represented spatial distance）和「時間距離」（temporal distance），但是這三種距離概念的意義都是距離概念的一些特殊形式。因此，可以由距離的普遍性內涵說明距離的審美性質，這個普遍性內涵就是指「心理距離」它是一種隱藏在主體內心裡的內省方式，而且象徵著欣賞者與審美對象之間的關係。他認為，唯有隔絕對象的實用性，並與對象保持適當距離，才能真正地達到審美經驗。但是迫基（Dickie）在《審美態度的迷思》（The Myth of Aesthetic Attitude）一文中提出強烈的反對意見。他認為「審美態度」只是一種注意與不注意的區分，在審美經驗中不需要先預設一個「審美態度」的心靈活動。本篇論文除了就布洛對「心理距離」說的論述外，並以迪基所提反對意見是否適當，將二者加以比較論述。
並列摘要
Many aesthetic theorists studied the conception of 'Aesthetic Attitude' since nineteenth century. This thesis will focus on Bullough's doctrine of Psychic Distance. Bullough proposed the concept of Psychic Distance in ＂'Psychical Distance' as a factor in Art and an Aesthetic Principle.＂ He applied psychology to explore aesthetic attitude and considered 'Psychical Distance' as an aesthetic principle. Bullough lists three concepts of distance: actual spatial distance, represented spatial distance, and temporal distance. However, these are all forms of a general concept of distance. Accordingly, it is possible to account for the aesthetic significance of distance by means of a general concept of distance. This general idea is that of psychic distance. It implicates an introspective method and metaphorically denotes the relation between a spectator and aesthetic object in subject's mind. Bullough contends that, to achieve aesthetic experience, it is required to get detached from the object's practical relevance and to keep proper distance. However, Dickie objects in ＂The Myth of Aesthetic Attitude.＂ He claimed that the so-called aesthetic attitude involves only the distinction between attention and inattention, and that the aesthetic experience does not have to presuppose any psychical act specific to it. In addition to Bullough's doctrine, this paper will also analyze Dickie's objection.