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台灣五種蝴蝶人工飼育評估
Assessment of Artificial Rearing on Five Butterflies in Taiwan
摘要
本文整理93年度至今宜蘭縣蝴蝶種類調查及五個蝶種人工飼育資料，以作為休閒農業蝴蝶資源利用與復育之基礎，結果如下。以礁溪鄉龍潭湖定期調查資料得知有鳳蝶科、粉蝶科、斑蝶科、蛺蝶科及蛇目蝶科等5科43種分布。以大鳳蝶、無尾鳳蝶、玉帶鳳蝶、大白斑蝶、琉球青斑蝶為供試蝶種，在網室內採當日產下的卵，置於25±1℃，80=5%RH，14L:10D之生長箱內單隻飼養，分別以幼蟲寄主植物如酸桔、爬森藤、鷗蔓之葉片飼養其幼蟲至羽化為成蟲。每日觀察及記錄其幼蟲存活率、發育所需時間、頭殼寬度、體長及食葉量。得知無尾鳳蝶出現六齡型幼蟲，其幼蟲頭殼寬度超過4.39mm的閥值即進入化蛹階段。各種蝴蝶幼蟲頭殼寬度及體長皆隨齡期增長而增加。食葉量以末齡幼蟲最大，亦隨著齡期增長而增加。五種蝴蝶中最適合人工飼育繁殖的蝶種為琉球青斑蝶。
並列摘要
This article collects and organizes Yilan county butterfly species survey data and artificial rearing results of 5 selected butterfly species as the basic information for recreational agriculture industry to utilize and restore the butterfly resources. Data collected from periodical survey at Longtan Lake, Jiaosi Shiang, Yilan County revealed 43 butterfly species of 5 families, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danaidae, Nymphlidae, and Satyridae, distribute around the area. Five butterfly species, Papilio memnon heronus Frustorfer, Papilio demoleus libanius Fruhstorfer, Papilio polytes pasikrates Fruhstorfer, Idea leuconoe clara (Butler), and Radena similes similes Linnaeus were selected as artificial rearing experiment subjects. Fresh eggs of 5 butterfly species were collected from the host plant in the net room. Fresh eggs were placed into incubation chamber and reared individually with the conditions of 25±1℃，80±5%RH, and in a photoperiod of 14 hr of light and 10 hr of darkness. Hatched larvae were reared with leaves of their individual host plants, such as Citrus sunki, Parsonia laevigata, and Tylophora ovata. The survival rate, developmental period, head capsule width, body length and leaf consumption of each instars larvae were measured and recorded. Two types of larval stadium, namely five or six instars were found. Six-instar type appeared only in Papilio demoleus libanius Fruhstorfer of the 5 test species and the threshold value of head capsule width for its larvae to develop into pupae were above 4.39 mm. The increase of the head capsule width and body length of larvae were in accordance with the larval instar stage sequence of each butterfly species. The greatest leaf consumption occurred at the fifth or sixth instars larval stage. Leaf consumption increased as the larval instar grew. Results indicate that Radena similes similes Linnaeus could be the most suitable species for artificial rearing among the 5 tested butterfly species.