- 期刊
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溫度對大鳳蝶發育的影響
Effect of Temperature on Development of Polymorph Swallowtail, Papilio memnon heronus Fruhstorfer
摘要
為了大量飼養大鳳蝶(Papilio memnon heronus Fruhstorfer)，將大鳳蝶卵分別置於15、20、25、30及35℃、80±5% RH、14L:10D之生長箱飼養，並分別以檸檬(Citrus limon)的葉片單隻飼育至羽化為成蝶，觀察各蟲期發育。結果如下，以20℃卵的孵化率最高為54%，35℃卵不孵化。幼蟲期以25℃的存活率最高達95.2%；自卵至成蝶之存活率以25℃時的66.7%為最高，30℃之存活率降低至28.6%。各蟲期之平均發育期，隨溫度升高而縮短，且各蟲期發育速率與飼養溫度之間皆呈直線迴歸關係。從卵孵化至羽化為成蝶，以30℃之發育最快，其平均發育時間為33.75±0.85日，20℃的發育時間最慢為87.01±2.80日，其發育時間需前者的2.7倍。大鳳蝶之發育臨界低溫依卵期、幼蟲期、蛹期及卵至成蟲分別為11.37、14.77、14.52及13.50℃；各蟲期之有效積溫依卵期、幼蟲期、蛹期及卵至成蟲則分別為 70.19、275.21、152.46及536.03日度。幼蟲頭殼寬度達5.09 mm的閾值即可進入化蛹階段；幼蟲頭殼寬度隨齡期以1.44～1.47倍等比增加，幼蟲齡期與頭殼寬度的常用對數之間有直線關係，符合戴爾法則。各齡幼蟲體長隨齡期增長而增加且以1.69～1.74倍呈等比增長。大鳳蝶雌雄成蝶之性比(♀：♂)依卡方適合性測驗，20-30℃皆符合1：1。上述結果期能提供本種未來引入休閒農業、觀光蝶園或提供教學及大量飼育之參考。
並列摘要
For the mass production of Papilio memon heronus Fruhstorfer, the fresh eggs of Papilio memon heronus Fruhstorfer were collected from the host in a net room. were placed in a growth chamber under conditions of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃, with 80±5% RH and a photoperiod of 14-h light and 10-h darkness. Hatching larva were reared with leaves of Citrus limon individually during for the series of observations on the development of the butterfly. Results show that no eggs hatched at 35℃ and the highest hatching rate was 54% at 20℃. Survival rate of larval stage was 95.2% at 25℃. The highest survival rate from egg to adult was 66.7% at 25℃, and this decreased to 28.6% at 30℃. Duration in days of life stages decreased as the temperature was rised from 15 to 30℃. The development rates of various life stages and rearing temperatures were correlated by linear regression. At various temperatures, the longest duration was found at 20℃ and the shortest at 30℃. The duration at 20℃ was 2.7 times longer than that at 30℃. Duration in days of life stages decreased as the temperature rised from 15 to 30℃, and the development rates of the various life stages and rearing temperatures were correlated by linear regression. The shortest developmental period required for the egg to adult was 33.75±0.85 days at 30℃. Relatively, the longest was 87.01±2.80 days at 20℃. The low temperature thresholds for the development of eggs, larvae, pupa and from eggs to adults were estimated to be 11.37, 13.01, 15.61, and 13.65℃ respectively. The accumulative effective temperatures for eggs, larvae, and pupa were 70.19, 275.21, and 152.46 degree-days respectively. It required 536.03 degree-days for eggs to develop to adults. Larvae to turn, the threshold value of the average head capsule width for development into pupae was 5.09 mm. The common logarithms of head capsule width of the larval stage and instars of larvae were correlated using linear regression. Accordingly, positive relationships between these two item are revealed with slopes of linear regression lines of 1.44 to 1.47, which follows Dyar's law. The body length of larval stages increased as the larval instar grew. The increment of the body length of larva was in accordance with the increase in larval instar stage, maintained a ratio of 1.69-1.74 times. The sex ratio of adults were 1:1 for 20-30℃. The results could provide information for leisure agriculture, sightseeing butterfly greenhouse, educational materials and the mass production of this butterfly.