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遠藤周作の『深い河』について―「河」のイメージを中心に
Shusaku Endo's "Deep River"-Take the Image of the "River" as an Example
摘要
遠藤周作係日本戰後天主教作家之第一人。其特色在於將宗教與文學相結合，然後再予以藝術化、小說化。在其長達四十年之創作生涯中遺留下諸多的作品。此外，他除了關心宗教之外，更不斷凝視人們內心之真實面及其之善與惡。他的視線特別是投射在對於弱者之關懷，描繪對於弱者之苦悶、內心之糾葛，都充分呈現在其小說世界當中。 『深河』為遠藤最後之作品，亦為其創作之集大成。此作品可謂遠藤嘔心瀝血之作，吾人當可自此一窺其長久以來之中心思想。若說本作品為遠藤四十年作家生命之結晶亦不為過。 遠藤周作之『深河』（一九九三年六月、講談社）是一部為尋求靈魂救贖之作。五位主要登場人物，各自心中懷抱著對生離或死別者之思念與不捨，而同時匯聚在如同包容著生者與死者，象徵一切生命源流的恆河、亦即「深河」之河畔。作品中每一位人物所擔負的主題與以往遠藤作品中之人物皆有深切的關連，更可視為作者本人之分身。 『深河』之「河」若將之視為有形之物則所指為印度之恆河。以此恆河為主軸，在有形物所無法呈現之涵義或多重之心象當中，隨著登場人物內心之變化而逐漸形成具體的故事。本論擬檢視作品名稱『深河』之「河」所映照之心象風景，做為對深遠而複雜的遠藤文學世界之初探。
並列摘要
Shusaku Endo is one of the most famous Catholic writers after World War II. The main characteristic of his writing is to combine religion and literature, and his works are usually artified and novelized. During his forty years of writing, many pieces of works were created. In addition, Endo not only looked at the issue of religion but also constantly probed into humanity and the evil and good of mankind. In his novels, he particularly paid attention to the weak, describing the bitterness and the struggle of the weak. ”Deep River”, Endo's last piece of work, was the greatest compilation of his writing. ”Deep River” was also the very work in which Endo devoted himself. Through reading ”Deep River”, we can know Endos' philosophy. This work can be regarded as the essence of Endo's forty-year long writing life. Endo's ”Deep River” (June 1993, published by Kodansya) is a book which seeks the salvation of the soul. In this book, the five main characters, who have their own different experience of breakups and deaths, meet unexpectedly at Ganga River. Ganga River, which symbolizes the origin of life, accepts the alive and the dead. That is, Ganga River can be referred to as the ”deep river” in this book. Every character stands for one theme and is closely connected to the previous characters in Endo's works, which can be viewed as the portrait of the author. If the river in ”Deep River” is regarded as a concrete one, it represnets Ganga River in India. This book, centered on Ganga River, turned the abstract multiple images into a concrete story gradually, along with the changes in the characters’ mind. This study aims to investigate the image of the ”river” in ”Deep River,” exploring Endo's profound literaure world.