試論基隆地區「出米洞」型傳說之歷史記憶

本文探究「出米洞」型傳說之歷史記憶，以基隆地區所流傳之本事為主要考察，輔以臺灣其它地區之同類傳說，論證出米洞傳說保存歷史信息之可能。首先從基隆出米洞傳說「壁縫流米」、「源源不絕」、「計量供米」及「貪心受報」等情節著眼，挖掘其所蘊藏之「壺甕」文化、「禁忌」心理和「儉樸」思維。其次則探索基隆「白米甕」及「仙洞」二地相關文本之流衍，推敲其「避難」記憶、「華夷」意識及維繫香火之動機。最後則思考風物傳說之「類同」與「藏異」現象，在今所見同類文本中，雖有共同故事結構與心理，然在傳述當下，各篇故事應有其自己的歷史記憶；唯因事過境遷、世易時移，周遭的相關記憶漸被淡忘。此一被忽略的記憶雖未必是傳說主線，卻可能反映重要的歷史側面。

關鍵字

傳說；出米洞；白米甕；基隆；歷史記憶

並列摘要

The study subject in this paper is the historical memory of the legend of rice-gushing hole, it mainly targets at this type of legends in Keelung, and to speak of the similar legends in the other area of Taiwan. It finally proves that the legend of rice-gushing hole has the possibility of saving the historical information. First, to analyze the plot of the legend of rice-gushing hole in Keelung , such as ＂rice gushed from the hole endlessly＂, ＂the quantity of gushing rice is in accordance with the number of people＂, ＂greed will incur retribution＂, and then uncover the pot culture, the taboo psychology, the thrift thinking. Second, to explore the evolution of the relevant texts in Baimiwong and Xiandong, Keelung, point out their refuge memory, ＂Hua Yi＂ sense, and the cause of keeping a good attendance at temple. Finally, to think the similarity and hidden difference in scenery legends, in this type of texts, though it have the same story structure and psychology, every texts should have its historical memory, when they were narrated; unfortunately, overtaken by events have been let go, the surrounding memories would be forgotten gradually. These forgotten memories are not the core of legend, but they may reflect the important history.