「眾聲喧嘩」還是「眾生宣華」？－《最後的女王》與華語語系研究

華語語系研究強調語系內部及外部多元語言的眾聲喧嘩，然而近年來經過許多研究者熱心的推動，似乎朝向以單一華語為最大公約數而流失「語系」概念所彰顯的跨文化與跨語言的張力。本文以華語語系研究的視角，探討卑南族作家巴代的原住民歷史小說《最後的女王》所提出的另類史觀。此書描述清朝末年臺東卑南族彪馬社的女性領導人陳達達如何與清朝官府周旋，走過一次次的危機。書中呈現彪馬社原住民與百朗（漢人）商人、清朝官員、鄰近番社、日本顧問間多重權力關係下的互動與協商，顯示彪馬社原住民的策略思考與軍事動員能力。臺灣歷史學者針對日本殖民時期，特別是1895年臺灣割讓給日本的這段歷史，多以抵抗史觀為主，而巴代提出與漢人抵抗史觀相異的協力史觀。本文從華語語系的觀點，分析原住民作家漢語書寫在臺灣文學史上的意義與價值。巴代針對甲午戰爭提出原住民的特殊經驗，激發讀者由地方史而連結東亞史與世界史。本文企圖由原住民作家巴代及其書寫，檢視華語語系文學如何成為地方性的文化生產，並與在地的非華語多元語言互動，期能藉此反思原住民文學如何與臺灣的定居型殖民主義對話，促使臺灣的國族文學展開政治倫理的思辯。

關鍵字

在地文化生產；定居型殖民主義；眾聲喧嘩；華語語系研究；《最後的女王》

並列摘要

Sinophone studies emphasizes the internal and external diversity of the Sinitic languages and the heteroglossia of different cultures and languages. However, in recent years, many scholars who use the term ＂Sinophone studies＂ seem to designate Mandarin Chinese as the common denominator by which to analyze Sinophone writers across the world, thereby ignoring the tensions and intersectionality created by trans-cultural and trans-linguistic exchanges. This paper explores the alternative historical perspective presented by indigenous writer Badai in his novel, The Last Queen, from the perspective of Sinophone studies. This novel describes how the female chieftain Chen Dada of the Puyuma tribe fought against Qing Dynasty soldiers in the period following the first Sino-Japanese War. The book contains multiple interethnic and interracial encounters between indigenous tribes, Han merchants, Qing officials, other neighboring indigenous tribes, and Japanese military advisors. These storylines highlight the indigenous people's capacity for strategic thinking and military mobilization. With regards to the Japanese colonial period, historians in Taiwan tend to emphasize the concept of resistance - in particular, the Han people's resistance to the Japanese in 1895. Badai, in contrast, raises the issue of co-operation with the Japanese on the part of the Puyuma tribe during the years 1895 and 1896. The author vividly portrays the unique experience of the indigenous people as pertaining to the first Sino-Japanese War; as such, he is able to connect local history with both East Asian history and world history. Thus, by examining Badai's The Last Queen, this paper attempts to show how Sinophone literature can be regarded as a place-based cultural production which interacts with non-Sinitic languages and cultures. It will also reflect on how indigenous literature enters into dialogue with settler colonialism, while encouraging debate surrounding the expansion of national literature in Taiwan.