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高齡長者身心靈健康促進之發展－美國經驗
How to Promote the Physical, Psychological, and Spiritual Health of the Ageing Elderly: American Experiences
摘要
這篇文章將說明高齡長者與健康之概念，以及如何促進高齡長者身心靈之健康。第一段將把美國、日本、中國、德國、法國、英國、加拿大、義大利、臺灣，等國家之老年與老人定義列出，同時在本文將高齡長者之年齡依其身心功能劃分為前老期、初老期、中老期、老老期、與太老期；第二段將說明目前美國高齡長者之主要特徵：包括人口增加趨勢、族群老人、健康狀況、收入與貧窮；第三段將討論古希臘人對於健康的觀念與現代之健康定義包括世界衛生組織之健康定義，在這一段將介紹賴瑞模醫師所著佳作《活得久，活得好》之健康概念；第四段將討論如何促進高齡長者身心靈之健康、身體之健康與慢性疾病、心理之健康與心理情緒問題，以及心靈概念與宗教信仰將分開討論，結論將強調促進高齡長者身心靈之目的為維護他們之身心健康、心靈平安、人緣和諧、獨立自主，以及生活幸福。
並列摘要
This paper will exlain the concepts of aging elderly and health concepts, as well as how to promote the physical, psychological and spiritual health of the aging elderly. The first section will present the various definitions of aging elderly in the United States, Japan, China, Germany, France, England, Canada, Italy and Taiwan. In this paper, based upon the physical functions , the stages of aging elderly will be divided into Pre-Aging Stage (55-64), Early Aging Stage (65-74), Middle Aging Stage (75-84), Oler Old Stage (85-94), Super Old Stage (95-104+). The second section will summarize the major traits of American aging elderly, the increase trends of aging population, their health and disability conditions, their living conditions, as well as their income and poverty rates. The third section wll discuss the health belief of ancient Greek and the modern definitions of health including the definition giving by World Health Organization . A concept of health given by Dr. Walt Larimore in his book ‘God’s Design for the Highly Healthy Person, 2010 will be discussed. The fourth section will discuss how to promote the physical, psychological, and spiritual health of the aging elderly. The physical health and chronic illness, the psychological health and emotional problems, as well as the spiritual concepts and religious faith will be discussed separately. This paper will conclude with the emphasis of promoting the physical and psychological health, spiritual peace, harmonious human relationship, independent selfcare, and happyness in later life.