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高齡者參與社區共餐動機及其相關因素之探討－以高雄市鳳山區海光里為例
Community Seniors Meal Participation Motivation and Related Factors Research: Study on Haiguang Village, Fengshan in Kaohsiung
摘要
文獻資料顯示愛心共餐是可以讓高齡者在地成功老化的活動，對於解決高齡者健康問題具有正面積極的影響。本研究的目的是了解高齡者參與社區共餐的動機及其他影響參與共餐的因素。研究方法採用質量化並用的方式，先以質化研究的半結構式訪談法，訪談海光里的高齡者，依據男女比例訪談男性5位和女性7位，合計12位。將訪談逐字稿編碼、歸類，列出參與動機及影響因素，並使用三角檢定法建立內容信實度，然後再採用量化研究，將質化研究結果編製成問卷，發送海光里417位高齡者。問卷回收後，並使用探索性及驗證性統計分析分析問卷，量表具有不錯的建構效度及適配度；以獨立樣本t檢定及單因子變異數分析探討不同背景變項在共餐動機上的差異情形。研究結果為：（一）共餐地點的距離顯著影響參與意願。（二）共餐限制一定要年滿65歲以上，的確會降低需與未滿65歲家人用餐的高齡者參與。（三）與家人同住的剩菜問題降低高齡者參與共餐。此研究結果可以作為政府及公益機構規劃及執行高齡者福利措施的參考，以及幫助改善高齡者參加共餐的問題。
並列摘要
The literature shows that the meal together program is a positive activity that can contribute to successful aging, and has a positive effect on solving the health problems of seniors. The purpose of this study is to understand seniors' motivations for participation the meal together programs, and explores more influences on motivations. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used in this study. First, the semi-structured interview of qualitative study is conducted. According to the proportion of men and women, the subjects are 12 seniors, including 5 males and 7 females living in the Haiguang Village, Kaohsiung. After interviews, the transcript data is gathered and coded. Triangulation is used for the content validity and reliability. Second, based on the pre-test qualitative research, questionnaire survey of the quantitative method is designed to investigate 417 seniors' motivations for meal together participation. Independent-sample T test and one-way ANOVA are used to explore the differences among background variables in participation motivations. The results of this study can be conducted as: First, the distance of the meal location significantly affects the willingness to participate. Second, the limitation of meal together programs do related to the motivation of seniors participants who would have a need to dine with his younger than 65 years old family. Third, the meal leftovers in family affect meal together participations. The findings might be a references to government and public service institutions for planning or improving the participation of meal together program.