摘要
蛋白尿就是尿液中有過多的蛋白質。微量白蛋白尿期是可以回復的；一旦進入巨量白蛋白尿期，則為不可回復的狀態。尿液中排出過多蛋白質的問題在於腎絲球基底膜的機械或負電荷屏障或腎小管的重吸收作用。蛋白尿的檢驗方法主要是偵測尿中的白蛋白，就腎臟本身而言，檢測尿蛋白可以早期發現腎臟病、了解目前腎臟病的嚴重程度以及預後。造成微量白蛋白尿的可能原因包括高血壓、高血糖、高血脂、老化、肥胖、抽菸、對鹽分敏感、以及內皮細胞功能失常。對於糖尿病或是非糖尿病患者，除了腎臟的併發症之外，微量白蛋白尿也是心血管疾病發生及死亡率的獨立危險因子；尤有甚者，末期腎病變也具有顯著的遺傳相對危險性。中醫古籍中與蛋白尿最相關的記載是尿濁。中醫尿濁的證型主要有濕熱內蘊、腎陽虛衰、腎陰虧虛、和脾虛氣陷。不可諱言的，隨著身體的老化，腎功能只會越來越差；但是，中西醫藥物聯合治療蛋白尿，加上病患確實配合限制蛋白質的飲食與適量的飲水與運動，可以降低高血壓或是糖尿病等疾病對於腎功能的影響，有助於維持基本腎功能與減輕尿蛋白，進而延年益壽。
並列摘要
Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine. The condition is reversible during the stage of microalbuminuria, but irreversible once falling into the macroalbuminuria stage. The problems of proteinuria lie in the mechanical or electrical barrier of the glomerulus or the reabsorption of renal tubules. The methods of detecting proteinuria are targeting the albumin. With regarding to the kidney, detection of proteinuria allows us to discover early kidney diseases, realize the severity of the kidney disease and its prognosis. The causes of microalbuminuria include mainly increased BMI, increased blood pressure, altered lipid levels, smoking, insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia, salt sensitive, elderly, and endothelial dysfunction. For patients with diabetes or without diabetes, in addition to the complications of kidney diseases, microalbuminuria is also an independent risk factor of the incidence and mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases; moreover, end-stage renal disease also exhibits significant relative risk of heredity. The most similar disease to proteinuria described in ancient Traditional Chinese Medicine books is turbid urine. The major syndromes of the turbid urine include accumulation of damp-heat, kidney-yang deficiency, shortage of the kidney-yin and sinking of qi due to spleen deficiency. Undoubtedly, with ageing, the renal function is going to be worsening gradually; however, the integrated treatment of Chinese and western medicine combined with the corporation of patients' control of adequate intake of proteins and water can effectively lower the ill-effects resulting from hypertension and diabetes and maintain a basic renal function, leading to a longer and happier life.