- 期刊
吉貝耍夜祭中「牽曲」的文化意義
Cultural Meanings of "Qianqu" in the Night Ceremony of Kabua-sua Village
摘要
臺南縣東山鄉東河村吉貝耍部落為西拉雅族在臺南縣現存的四大部落之一。全村居民幾乎都是「阿立母」的忠實信徒，並於每年農曆九月四日晚上舉行夜祭，隔日農曆九月五日下午舉行「孝海祭」，皆為祭拜其信仰中心「阿立母」，及緬懷祖先、並勉勵後人勿忘傳統之用。夜祭儀式依序為「獻豬」、「謝願還願」、「行覆布禮」、「敬酒祭拜」、「牽曲祝賀」、「擲茭請示」、「翻豬點收」，其中「牽曲」為西拉雅族僅存的傳統曲調，其歌詞內容已無人能解，僅知其意義為勸勉後人要有勤耕敬神，敦親睦族的處世原則，並具有期盼後人能緬懷祖先、不忘祖的文化意涵：而在過去西拉雅族相關研究中，多以其信仰－「阿立祖」、象徵物－「祀壺」及族群歷史為主要研究對象。在牽曲儀式的研究方面，相關學者則多擴大其範圍至全臺南縣甚而延伸至高雄、屏東以作整個西拉雅族地區性的比較分析，甚少以單一聚落作深入性的探討。基於以上各點，本研究企圖深入探討吉貝耍牽曲儀式中各項要素，如祭儀、服裝、飾品、族人認知與牽曲本身等等，並將牽曲儀式中各項要素視為各個符號，進而找尋並分析上述各項符號的內藏意義與共同意識，藉此探索吉貝耍牽曲之傳統意識與東山西拉雅族人文化認同的關係。
並列摘要
Kabua-sua Village is one of the four surviving Siraya aboriginal villages at Tainan Almost all Kabua-sua villagers are followers of the ancestral spirit Alimu, and they perform the Night Ceremony annually on the fourth night of the ninth month in the lunar calendar, followed by ”Xiaohai Ceremony” in the afternoon of the next day. The purpose of these ceremonies is to worship Alimu, to remember ancestors, and to remind villagers of their tradition. The Night Ceremony contains events of Offering Pigs, Redeeming Vows, Putting White Cloths over the Pigs, Making Libations, Singing Qianqu Songs, Requesting Instructions of Alimu, and Turning over the Pigs. The Qianqu sung at the ceremony is the only surviving tunes of the Siraya aborigines. The Iyrics of Qianqu songs are incomprehensible, but the Siraya aborigines consider that Qianqu songs have aims to encourage descendants to work hard, to respect ancestral spirits, and to have cordial and friendly ties with kith and kin. Existing studies on the Siraya aborigine mostly focus on Alizu belief, the worship of pots, and the history of the Siraya. In the studies about Qianqu, scholars usually compare Qianqu practices of different Siraya villages in Tainan, Kaohsiung, and Pintung, and few studies focus on Qianqu of a single village.This paper nonetheless examines elements of Qianqu ceremony, such as events of the ceremony, costume, and accessories, of a single Siraya village, Kabua-sua, and explores issues of identity associated with the ceremony. I consider these elements signs, and expect to reveal meanings of the signs. By so doing, I aim to have a deeper understanding of notions of tradition and cultural identity in Kabua-sua Qianqu.