- 期刊
四週線上課程介入對社區高齡者孤獨感、生活品質與社會支持之成效初探
Effect of Four-Week Online Course Intervention on Loneliness, Quality of Life and Social Support among Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Pilot Study
摘要
前言：越來越多年輕族群傾向獨立居住或移居城市，導致高齡者獨居或老老照顧比率升高，易使高齡者孤獨感日益增加。長期孤獨感對高齡者的生理與心理會造成嚴重影響，如：失智、憂鬱症，進而影響生活品質。在疫情期間，透過智慧型手機與高齡者互動可能是一個提供社會支持、降低孤獨感的有效方式，然而過去相關研究卻非常有限。目的：本研究欲探討透過四週的線上課程（Line平台上）介入，對社區高齡者之孤獨感、生活品質與社會支持之影響。方法：本研究為單組前後測設計，採結構式問卷，參與者為於台灣中部社區的高齡者。問卷內容分為四大部分分別為：（一）基本資料、（二）UCLA孤獨感量表（UCLA Loneliness Scale）、（三）世界衛生組織生活品質量表（Taiwan version of the brief version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life, WHOQOL-BREF）與（四）社會支持量表（The Inventory of Socially Support Behavior, ISSB）。統計方式主要使用魏克生符號等級檢定檢驗三個量表（UCLA 孤獨感量表、WHOQOL-BREF、ISSB）前後測的變化。結果：本研究參與者共有23名，男性7位與女性16位，平均年齡73.4± 6.85歲。結果指出，在三個量表（UCLA孤獨感量表、WHOQOL-BREF、ISSB）均未達統計上顯著差異。爾後，使用魏克生符號等級檢定檢驗上述三個量表中各題目前後測，分別在三題「您覺得您害羞嗎？」（UCLA孤獨感量表）、「整體 說，您滿意自己的健康嗎？」（WHOQOL-BREF）、「生病需要人照顧時，有人可以幫我」（ISSB），呈現顯著的差異（p < .005）。結論：高齡者在四週線上課程介入後，變得較不害羞、較滿意自己的健康以及當自己生病時有人可以幫助自己的感受提高。此結果亦代表著本研究規劃的線上課程可能有助於改善高齡者孤獨感、生活品質與社會支持。然本研究結果仍需更多的實證研究支持。
並列摘要
Introduction: A lot of emerging young people now tend to be live independently or moving to urban areas, leading to an increase in the elderly living alone or elderly caring for the elderly. Under the epidemic situation of COVID-19, the social isolation and loneliness have become increasingly prominent as a priority health and public policy issues for elderly. Connecting the elderly with smartphones may be a way for them to maintain social connections. However, there was limited evidence on reducing loneliness through smartphones interaction program in the elderly. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the loneliness, quality of life and social support of the community-dwelling elderly through a four-week online course (on the Line platform). Methods: This study was designed for one-group pretest-posttest design, and a structured questionnaire was used. The content of the questionnaire was divided into four parts: (1) demographic information, (2) UCLA Loneliness Scale, (3) World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) and (4) The Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (ISSB). Participants were senior citizens from the community of the central Taiwan. Data were analyzed mainly using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test Symbol Rank Test to exaime the change scores of three scales (UCLA Loneliness Scale, WHOQOL-BREF, and ISSB) before and after the interventions. Results: A total of 23 participants participated in this study. Of these participants, 7 were males and 16 females, with an average age of 73.4±6.85 years. The results indicated that no statistically significant differences (p = .25~.84) were found between before and after the test in the three scales (UCLA Loneliness Scale, WHOQOL-BREF, and ISSB). In addition, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test Symbol Rank Test was used to evaluate whether there was a significant difference between each item in the three scales before and after the test, and the results had shown that one item in each of the three scales displayed a significant difference (p = .008~.033). Conclusion: Our results suggests that after attending the four-week online course, the elderly had become less shy, felt more satisfied with their health, and more confidence with someone will assist him/her when he/she is ill. Our findings also imply that the use of smartphone in online learning course might be able to reduce loneliness, improve quality of life, and boost the social support in the elderly. More empirical research is needed to confirm our findings.