艷情橫流中的滄浪清流──花間詠史詞研究

「花間詞」是晚唐五代的燕樂歌詞，因後蜀趙崇祚編《花間集》而得名，錄有晚唐、西蜀18家共500首作品，以晚唐溫庭筠、西蜀韋莊等婉媚詞為大宗。然而就在剪紅刻翠、紙醉金迷的艷情詞中，一股清流默默地匯入古往今來的文學洪流，那就是深具歷史感的詠史、弔古小令，為旖旎、淫靡的時代文學，留下了慨歎史事、藉史抒懷、感時傷亂或諷諭時事的一片丹心。故本文以詠史為研究主題；首先就詞作內容依諷詠對象分類：（一）吳越、西施，（二）漢使、和親，（三）南朝後主，（四）六朝興亡，（五）隋煬、隋堤，（六）盛唐玄宗，（七）前蜀、後蜀。其次再以「以史證詞」與「文本分析」為研究方法，探討其歷史典故與詞作內容，分析其詠史情懷與興廢無常的感慨，及以古為鑑的反思。其承先啟後的文學脈絡，則於文末討論之。

關鍵字

花間詞；晚唐五代；詠史；興廢無常；以古為鑑

並列摘要

Huajian Ci was type of poetry sung according to the rhythm of Yanyue (i.e., imperial court music) during the Later Tang of the Five Dynasties. This type of poetry became famous after Zhao Chongzuo in the Later Shu compiled related works and created the anthology Huajian Ji, which collects 500 poems written by 18 poets from the Late Tang and Xi Shu. Most poems in the anthology contain charming or erotic verses written by Wen Tingyun from the Late Tang and Wei Zhuang from the Xi Shu. However, in addition to these verses that describe opulent lifestyles and delicate traits of women, poets such as Haungfu Song and Sun Guangxian provided a breath of fresh air by creating short poems that narrate historical events and are thus valuable for their historical consciousness. In the era where most literature works were created to depict attractiveness or eroticism, these poets remained persistent to comment on their contemporary society through historical allegories. This study overlooked the charming verses of Huajian Ji and focused solely on the historical consciousness of poems therein. First, the content of the poems was divided by eras; specifically, the historical consciousness of these poems was categorized into seven major themes according to the targets they criticize and describe and the era during which they were created. These themes were (a) Wuyue and Xi Shi, (b) Han dynasty messengers and marriage alliance, (c) the last emperor of the Southern dynasty, (d) rise and fall of Six Dynasties, (e) Emperor Yang of Sui and the Sui Embankment, (f) Emperor Xuangzong of Tang, and (g) Former Shu and Later Shu. Subsequently, this study adopted textual analysis and content that has been verified through historical facts to investigate the historical allusion and content of poems in Huajian Ji that narrate historical events (including those that closely examine past events and those lamenting the current era does not live up to their expectation); discuss their historical implications; and explore the value and influence of these poems on the history of literature. The results revealed that among Huajian Ci poems that mostly describe the lustful lifestyle of the era, there existed also poems that imply poets' concern about the empire and its people. Similar to other numerous poems from the Song Dynasty, Huajian Ci recalls historical events to reflect on the rise and fall of dynasties and the impermanence of life.