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化學性皮膚防護具選用原則之芻議

摘要


在工業生產和實驗室等工作環境中,勞工皮膚可能接觸到各種危險化學品和有害物質。皮膚位於身體的最外層並遍布全身,面積約為1.6平方公尺,重量約占體重的16%,莫約10到12公斤,是人體總重量最大的器官,同時也是與外界環境接觸面最大的器官。為了保護勞工的安全和健康,除利用消除、取代、密閉與隔離化學品危害來源手段,以及工程控制、行政管理方法減少皮膚暴露(Dermal Exposures)外,化學防護衣著即成為皮膚防護最後一道保護防線。本文將簡介勞工化學防護衣著的法令規範、產品分類方式,以及相對應之防護效能(Protective efficacy)。透過對勞工化學防護衣著的深入了解,有助職安衛人員於事業單位正確選擇皮膚護具、提升勞工的健康保障,俾利減少職業災害的發生。國內化學性皮膚防護具法規所提之化學防護具,包括防護衣、防護手套、防護鞋等(惟本文章討論範圍僅限防護衣、防護手套),但不包含安全頭盔、護目鏡、呼吸防護及聽力防護等等護具。此外,許多防護衣著的規格中,會牽涉到生物、物理及化學性暴露的保護參數,不過本文旨在探討化學物質的保護能力,生物性、物理性部分暫未列討論。

參考文獻


(2010).EN ISO 13982-1:2004+A1:2010: Protective clothing for use against solid particulates Performance requirements for chemical protective clothing providing protection to the full body against airborne solid particulates (type 5 clothing).
(2009).BS EN 14605:2005+A1:2009: Protective clothing against liquid chemicals. Performance requirements for clothing with liquid-tight (Type 3) or spray-tight (Type 4) connections, including items providing protection to parts of the body only (Types PB [3] and PB [4]).
Personal Protective Equipment (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH], Jan. 31 2018). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ppe/
Workplace Safety and Health Topics (NIOSH, Mar. 27 2020). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/default.html
(2009).EN 13034:2005+A1:2009: Protective clothing against liquid chemicals. Performance requirements for chemical protective clothing offering limited protective performance against liquid chemicals (Type 6 and Type PB [6] equipment).

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