摘要
目前臨床上護理模式都是以健康問題為主軸，健康問題是護理人員依據身、心、靈或其他評估理論而成，有時會忽略個體感受，形塑和角色模範理論（Modeling and Role Modeling，MRM）提供護理人員，不同評估收集資料之方法，最重要是以個體所提供資料為主，進而更廣泛收集家屬、朋友、護理人員、醫療相關人員等，對於個體健康問題所提供的資訊，透過深入廣泛的資料收集，確立出健康問題。此理論更提供介入措施之介入方法，包括信任感的建立、肯定個案確認和增進力量、促進正向適應、促進察覺和控制、設定健康導向的共同目標等步驟，讓個體達成自我照顧及持續成長，此理論於國外已廣泛運用於實務、教育，但於國內目前僅兩篇文章，一篇為1988年的理論概述，一篇應用於人格違常個案。本文主要目的透過作者出版之原著內容，摘取理論重點，希望經由理論介紹，提供護理人員不同護理方式之參考，讓護理人員能依據個案需求，提供個別性護理措施。
並列摘要
The current main approach in clinical nursing is based on discerning health problems as defined by theories of physical, psychological, and spiritual wellness. In these views, nursing evaluation consists of defining the patient's problems, but this may result in neglect of the individual's views and feelings. Modeling and Role-Modeling (MRM) theory provides nurses with different approach to collecting and evaluating data based on information provided by the individual, as well as a broader assessment provided by family members, friends, and other nurses and health care professionals. This theory aims to help individuals develop resources for self-care and continuous growth by providing appropriate individualized interventions. Steps to achieve these goals include establishing a sense of trust, affirming the individual's ability and enhancing strength, promoting a positive outlook, increasing the individual's sense of control, and setting mutually agreed health-oriented objectives. MRM theory is broadly applicable in both practice and education. However, to date, there are only two MRM-related articles in the Taiwan nursing literature, one an introduction to the theory published in 1988 and the other an application of the theory to character disorder cases. The purpose of this paper is to introduce MRM theory by abstracting the major ideas from the original publications, providing nursing staff with a reference to this approach to nursing care which seeks to provide individualized nursing interventions based on the needs of the patients.