並列摘要
Spirituality is a fundamental aspect of life, particularly for terminal patients facing the end of their lives, which often heightens their spiritual needs due to increased conflicts and contradictions. This paper defines operational concepts of spiritual care through a comprehensive literature review, synthesis, and induction. According to the steps suggested by Walker & Avant (2011), the definitions of spiritual care include the followings: a) creating a comforting environment by providing a safe space for patients to express feelings of desperation, fear, and loneliness, b) maintaining dignity by upholding patients' dignity through presence, companionship, listening, communication, and respect, c) fostering inner strength through life review, meditation, and mindfulness, and d) achieving balance by assisting patients in finding a balance between themselves and others. In this paper, the antecedents, attributes and consequences of spiritual care were identified using model, borderline, contrary, and related case for concept analysis. Additionally, various assessment tools for spiritual care were examined to offer appropriate recommendations in this research arena to provide practical advice and guidelines to enhance spiritual care, thereby promoting patient-centered holistic care.