摘要
呼吸困難為許多疾病和病況中一種常見的症狀，也是極具挑戰性的健康問題，它對病人的日常生活品質和身心健康產生了廣泛的影響。研究已證實呼吸困難源於多重導因，藥物治療常無法解決呼吸困難的根本問題，且指出以多重組合之非藥物實證照護措施，可有效地應對呼吸困難病人的個人化照護需求，故其發展和應用變得至關重要。本文將藉由文獻回顧，解析呼吸困難的病生理機轉、成因、可能造成病人之衝擊與負擔及了解呼吸困難的嚴重度的相關評估，更進一步探討重要的非藥物實證照護措施及自我管理策略，包括身體活動與運動、教育、呼吸訓練、日常活動的安排、心理支持和認知行為改變等。臨床照護者可從病人的觀點與需求，結合這些非藥物實證照護措施與促進策略，提供病人一個個人化的呼吸困難管理方案，從而使他們能夠有效地應對呼吸困難的挑戰，改善日常功能並提高整體生活質量。
並列摘要
Dyspnea is a common symptom in many diseases and conditions, presenting a challenging health issue that significantly impacts affected individuals' daily life quality and overall well-being. Research has demonstrated that dyspnea arises from various underlying causes, making it challenging for pharmaceutical interventions to fully address the root issues related to dyspnea. Research findings suggest that employing a combination of evidence-based non-pharmacological interventions can effectively meet the individualized care requirements of patients experiencing dyspnea, underscoring the significance of their development and implementation. Based on a literature review, this article analyzes the pathophysiology, etiology, impact, and burden of dyspnea. Furthermore, it explores important non-pharmacological evidence-based interventions and self-management strategies, including physical activity and exercise, education, breathing training, daily activity planning, psychological support, and cognitive-behavioral changes. By considering the perspectives and needs of patients, clinical caregivers can integrate these non-pharmacological evidence-based interventions and facilitation strategies to provide individualized management plans for dyspnea, enabling individuals to effectively cope with the challenges posed by dyspnea, improve daily functioning, and enhance the overall quality of life.