從身體活動中建立學習者的責任感－個人與社會責任模式（TPSRM）的觀點

個人與社會責任模式（Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model，以下簡稱TPSRM）旨在透過身體活動培養學習者學會對自己的行為與選擇負起責任。此模式強調良好師生關係的必要性，且重視在教導責任感的過程中，教師應逐漸將責任轉移到學習者身上。本研究目的為提出TPSRM供體育教師教學時的參考與應用，全文主要在於歸納過往相關研究之結果，經由文獻蒐集與整理發現；一、研究主題著重與其他教學策略或計畫的結合；二、TPSRM的研究偏重質性研究方法，欠缺量化證據；三、研究對象多以學習者為主，少以教學者觀點為出發點；四、過往研究結果顯示使用TPSRM能減少學習者偏差行為與提升良好行為的表現。因此，藉由TPSRM內涵與相關研究趨勢之探討，期望體育教師能夠嘗試將TPSRM融入體育教學場域中，除了能藉由身體活動讓學習者增進責任感與社交技巧外，並期望能提供莘莘學子無霸凌的安全學習環境。

關鍵字

身體活動；自我導向；尊重；社會責任

並列摘要

Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model was to foster life skills through physical activity and help learners to take responsibility for their own behaviors and choices. With this model, a certain kind of teacher-student relationship is essential, more important, teaching responsibility is gradually shifting power from the teacher to learner. The purpose of this study was to propose Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model for physical educators' teaching purpose. This study was accomplished by literature review. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. The research topics focus on combing with other teaching strategies or programs. 2. TPSRM emphasized on qualitative methods, and lacked of quantitative evidence. 3. The subjects more focus on the learners, and less focus on the educators. 4. The results of the past researches on TPSRM showed that learners not only reduced deviant behaviors but also improved the positive performance. Therefore, by analyzing the fundamental principle and the research tendency of TPSR model to expect that physical educators could involve in studying TPSRM. More over, the TPSRM not only offered an idea for teaching learners to take more responsibility for their well-being and their relationship with others but also provided no bullying and safety learning environment.