The axle gearbox is the last one of the key parts of metro transmission system. Metro gearbox test rig with line stocks is important process equipment of running in gear box testing and fault diagnosis. This paper describes the selection subway gearbox operating conditions simulation test bench design scheme, and analyzed. the key technologies including design and design load on the system power loading device. For vibration signals measured, this paper introduces a reasonable data processing and fault diagnosis. Gearbox test rig operating conditions can train drive system condition monitoring and fault diagnosis, the safe operation of the train has obvious practical significance.