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日本民法750條－“夫婦同姓”案修正之動向
Japanese Civil Code Article 750: The Trend of Amending "the Adoption of Husband's Family Name" Act
摘要
本文對於戰後至今，日本已婚婦女的姓氏呈現何種風貌，並對今後之立法趨勢作一展望。 在經濟高度成長期，「男主外女主內」的觀念與社會的脈動契合，使夫婦各安於本份，並受到很高的評價。無視於「夫婦同姓」制，持續保持婚前姓氏的婦女並非全無，但是公開評論現行之「夫婦同姓」制則是1960年代以後的事。1970年代起，特別是進入1990年代以後，贊成「夫婦別姓」制而反對「夫婦同姓」制的聲浪更是與日俱增。 數年來日本在野勢力以及民間團體，對於推動修改民法「夫婦同姓」的相關法條不遺餘力。但是執政的自民黨內部，藉現行之「夫婦同姓」制以維持日本傳統家族制度的勢力依然強大。以致於此一議案至今仍然無法排上國會議程。 筆者認為，政權只能阻止社會風潮於一時。婦女走出家庭，積極參與經濟活動，必然撼動日本社會對於夫婦角色定位的傳統觀念，並助長提倡「夫婦別姓」制之民意，促使「夫婦同姓」制之修法早日實現。
並列摘要
The paper reveals the evolution of married women's family names in Japan after WWII, and envisages the trend of legislation. In the high economic development stage, the society was instinct with the concept that ”husbands belong to the outer world whereas wives the inner world.” The highly valued notion had husbands and wives do their ”duties.” Although there had been females ignoring the system of adopting husband’s family name and using their maiden names after marriage, the public criticism of the system began in the 1960s. Especially, since the 1990s, the opposition of the system has significantly intensified. For several years, the opposition parties and other groups have made great efforts to propel the amendment of articles concerning the adoption of husband's family name. However, because within the governing Liberal Democratic Party, the still-strong force treats the system as a tool to preserve the traditional Japanese family system, the bill is yet excluded from the Japanese Diet agendas. The author believes that the regime can only impede the current temporarily. The phenomenon that females step out of family and actively participate in economic activities will definitely shake the conventional perceptions of husband-and-wife social statuses in the Japanese society. It will urge the amendment of ”the Adoption of Husband's Family Name” Act, and have the use of maiden name after marriage take effect soon.