村上春樹「眠り」における女性像－女性の孤独感－

「眠り」は1989年に発表され、翌年『TVピープル』に収められた。村上の小説の中で初めて女性一人称の形式をとったものであり、大変重要な作品だと言える。これまでの研究では、「私」の読書に焦点が当てられ、主人公の内なる少女を取り戻すことによる自己覚醒が論じられてきた。しかし、こうした先行研究の結論は近代文学一般における女性の脱出口としての娘を前提とし、その定義や内容が必ずしも十分に検討されているとはいえない。本論文では「私」の叙述における＜娘＞、＜妻＞．＜母＞というライフステージの女性の様相に着目し、特に、これまであまり論じられていなかった娘時代の少女像に着目し、「私」が辿り着いた位置を明らかにする。その結果、家族との関係、母との関係を通して、孤絶、孤立の様相の中に置かれている「私」の姿が確認できる。つまり、「眠り」は「娘の文学」の枠内には収まりきらないことがわかる。「眠り」では車での移動によって疎外をもたらす家庭から外に出ることが可能になり、女性の主体性が表出されている。不眠という特殊な状況とは言え、「眠り」で描かれている自身のボイスと行動を持つという女性の主体性のあり方は、のちの女の語りの作品の根幹をなすものである。

關鍵字

村上春樹；女性像；「眠り」；女性の孤独感；女の語り

並列摘要

村上春樹〈睡〉於1989年寫成，收錄在短篇小說集《電視人》中。本篇小說是村上春樹初次以女性第一人稱書寫，可見其重要性。作品中描述一位持續失眠的家庭主婦的故事。過往先行研究多著重於討論主角的少女情懷。然而這樣的論述乃是以近代女性小說的趨勢為前提，對於小說內容缺乏深入性的討論。本論文將主角的敘述分為少女（女兒）、已婚（妻子、母親）兩個階段，藉由這兩個階段的劃分，完整的呈現出在各個時期的女性形象並重新檢視主角的自我呈現。考察結果得知，在本作品中透過母女關係及家庭成員間的疏離，刻劃出在少女（女兒）、已婚（妻子、母親）兩個階段的孤獨女性形象。不同於近代女性小說中少女情懷的女性覺醒，在作品裡藉由汽車的移動，來展現女性對自主、自由權的掌握。這樣的女性主體性源自於失眠—精神上及身體上的病態，儘管是特殊的形式，而作品中所描繪的女性主體的議題也為村上日後的女性書寫奠基。｜Haruki Murakami's "Sleep" was written in 1989 and included in the short story collection TV People(1990). This novel is one of the few in which Haruki Murakami writes in the female narrator form, which shows its importance. "Sleep" is a story about a woman who hasn't slept in 17 days. Most previous studies have focused on the protagonist's girlishness. However, such a discussion is based on the recent trend of female fiction and lacks in-depth discussion of the content of the novel. This thesis divides the narrative of the protagonist into two stages: girl (daughter) and married (wife and mother), and through these two stages, it presents a complete picture of female image in each period and re-examines the self-representation of the protagonist. The result of this study shows that the relationship between mother and daughter and the estrangement between family members in this work portrays the image of lonely women in the two stages of girlhood (daughter) and marriage (wife, mother). Unlike the awakening of women in modern women's fiction, the work shows women's mastery of autonomy and freedom through the movement of cars. This female subjectivity is derived from insomnia-mental and physical pathologies, albeit in a specific form and the subject of the female subject depicted in the work laid the foundation for Murakami's future writing on women.｜Haruki Murakami's "Sleep" was written in 1989 and included in the short story collection TV People(1990). This novel is one of the few in which Haruki Murakami writes in the female narrator form, which shows its importance. "Sleep" is a story about a woman who hasn't slept in 17 days. Most previous studies have focused on the protagonist's girlishness. However, such a discussion is based on the recent trend of female fiction and lacks in-depth discussion of the content of the novel. This thesis divides the narrative of the protagonist into two stages: girl (daughter) and married (wife and mother), and through these two stages, it presents a complete picture of female image in each period and re-examines the self-representation of the protagonist. The result of this study shows that the relationship between mother and daughter and the estrangement between family members in this work portrays the image of lonely women in the two stages of girlhood (daughter) and marriage (wife, mother). Unlike the awakening of women in modern women's fiction, the work shows women's mastery of autonomy and freedom through the movement of cars. This female subjectivity is derived from insomnia-mental and physical pathologies, albeit in a specific form and the subject of the female subject depicted in the work laid the foundation for Murakami's future writing on women.