『天地開闢以来帝王紀』の「天神」－国生み神話との関わり－

敦煌写本の『天地開闢以来帝王記』は僅か一巻のみの書であるが、中国晋代の仏教伝説、帝紀、神話が混在した民間俗説や、物事の起源譚など貴重な内容を収めている。旧稿では、この書に描かれている伏羲．女媧の創世神話と日本の国生み神話との類似について提起したが、両者が近似していること、または『天地開闢以来帝王紀』に影響されたであろうという指摘のみにとどまり、深く探求できず、さらなる考察を進めなかった。しかし、その後、漢代の壁画や画像石を手掛かりに、『天地開闢以来帝王紀』と国生み神話に登場した「天神」の原型を紐解くことができ、局面が打開された。そこで本論は東アジアの神話．伝承を視野に入れつつ、『天地開闢以来帝王紀』の「天神」を中心に、国生み神話の天神の原型を考究する。

關鍵字

伏羲；女媧；太一；天神；『天地開闢以来帝王記』

並列摘要

敦煌寫本的《天地開闢以来帝王記》是僅只一卷的小型書籍，收錄晉代時期的佛教傳說、帝紀、神話混雜在一起的民間俗說，以及事物的起源。舊稿曾提及這部書裡記載的伏羲．女媧創世神話與國生神話十分類似，但並未進一步深入調查兩者的關係。因為除了兩者近似，或是國生神話受到《天地開闢以来帝王紀》影響的結論之外，沒有辦法深入探討兩者的關係，因而未展開調查。不過最近筆者以漢代壁畫和畫像石為線索，掌握了《天地開闢以来帝王記》和國生神話登場的「天神」的原型，無法深入探討的局面終於獲得新的進展。因此本論將以東亞神話．傳承為視角，以《天地開闢以来帝王記》的「天神」為中心考察國生神話「天神」的原型。｜The Dunhuang Manuscript "Tenchikaipyakuiraiteiōki" are small-scale books with only one volume, which contain folklore mixed with Buddhist legends, imperial records, and myths during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, as well as the origin of things. The old manuscript mentioned that the creation myth of Fuxi and Nuwa recorded in this book is very similar to the myth of Kuni-umi, but did not further investigate the relationship between the two. Because there is no way to explore the relationship between the two in depth, except for the conclusion that the national mythology was influenced by the "Tenchikaipyakuiraiteiōki", so no investigation was carried out. However, using the murals and stone portraits of the Han Dynasty as clues recently, the author has grasped the prototype of the "Tianjin" that appeared in " Tenchikaipyakuiraiteiōki " and the myth of Kuni-umi, and finally made new progress in a situation that could not be explored in depth. Therefore, this thesis will take the perspective of East Asian mythology and inheritance, and focus on the "Tenjin" in "Tenchikaipyakuiraiteiōki" as the center to investigate the prototype of the myth of Kuni-umi "Tenjin".｜The Dunhuang Manuscript "Tenchikaipyakuiraiteiōki" are small-scale books with only one volume, which contain folklore mixed with Buddhist legends, imperial records, and myths during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, as well as the origin of things. The old manuscript mentioned that the creation myth of Fuxi and Nuwa recorded in this book is very similar to the myth of Kuni-umi, but did not further investigate the relationship between the two. Because there is no way to explore the relationship between the two in depth, except for the conclusion that the national mythology was influenced by the "Tenchikaipyakuiraiteiōki", so no investigation was carried out. However, using the murals and stone portraits of the Han Dynasty as clues recently, the author has grasped the prototype of the "Tianjin" that appeared in " Tenchikaipyakuiraiteiōki " and the myth of Kuni-umi, and finally made new progress in a situation that could not be explored in depth. Therefore, this thesis will take the perspective of East Asian mythology and inheritance, and focus on the "Tenjin" in "Tenchikaipyakuiraiteiōki" as the center to investigate the prototype of the myth of Kuni-umi "Tenjin".