大學生睡眠品質與心理健康對學習成效的影響

背景：臺灣的大學生睡眠品質不良和負面心理健康有頗高的盛行率，但大學生是投入職場的即戰力，大學生學習成效好，對社會及職場的貢獻也會有正面的影響。目的：評估大學生睡眠品質、心理健康與學習成效的現況；探討大學生之睡眠品質、心理健康與學習成效三者之相關性、與分析心理健康是否是睡眠品質影響學習成效的中介變項。方法：本研究採用橫斷調查設計，母群體為臺中市17所大學大一至大四學生，以結構式問卷為測量工具，問卷分四個部分，分別為人口學資料、睡眠品質量表、心理健康量表與學習成效量表。使用滾雪球抽樣法在各網路平台及中部各大學校園內實體發放問卷。結果：共回收1076有效問卷，臺中市大學生睡眠品質不良，平均7.03分，其中>5分者高達71.7%。心理健康尚佳（1.74分）；學習成效普通（3.28分）。睡眠品質越差則學習成效與心理健康也會越差；心理健康越差則學習成效也會越差。逐步複迴歸結果顯示，心理健康中的抑鬱因素是影響學習成效的最大因子。心理健康在睡眠品質影響學習成效之間是具有部分中介效果。結論：中介效果證明心理健康對於學習成效具有影響力，而心理健康當中又以抑鬱影響力最大，所以建議大學生本身、家長或校方應先找出容易讓大學生抑鬱的因素進而預防，才能有效的提升學習成效。

關鍵字

大學生；睡眠品質；心理健康；學習成效

並列摘要

Background: Poor sleep quality and negative mental health are highly prevalent among university students in Taiwan. However, as university students are the immediate combatants in the workplace, good academic performance of university students will have a positive impact on their contribution to society and the workplace. Objective: To assess the current situation of sleep quality, mental health and academic performance among university students; to explore the correlation between sleep quality, mental health and academic performance among university students; and to analyze whether mental health is a mediator of sleep quality affecting academic performance. Methods: A cross-sectional survey methodology was used in this study, with the population consisting of undergraduate students from 17 institutions in Taichung City, Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was used as the measurement tool, and the questionnaire was divided into four parts, namely, demographic data, sleep quality scale, mental health scale, and learning performance scale. The questionnaires were distributed on various online platforms and on the campuses of universities in central Taiwan using the snowball sampling method. Results: A total of 1076 valid questionnaires were recovered. The average sleep quality of university students in Taichung City was 7.03 points, with 71.7% of them scoring >5 points. Mental health was good (1.74 points) and academic performance was average (3.28 points). The poorer the sleep quality, the worse the academic performance and mental health; the poorer the mental health, the worse the academic performance. The results of the stepwise repeated regression showed that depression in mental health was the biggest factor affecting academic performance. Mental health is a partial mediator between sleep quality and academic performance. Conclusion and recommendations: The mediating effect proves that mental health has an impact on academic performance, and depression is the most influential factor in mental health. Therefore, it is advised that university students, parents, or schools first identify the circumstances that are likely to cause university students to become depressed and then prevent them from doing so in order to successfully enhance their academic performance.