Following the 2007 Virginia legislative session, the Virginia Transportation Research Council was tasked with providing the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) and the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles with a practical methodology for assessing permit fees for overweight trucks in Virginia based on engineering principles. It was imperative that the methodology be practical and be readily implemented by the state agencies. These fees were intended to partially recover additional pavement maintenance attributable to overweight vehicles. This study describes the methodology developed to divide VDOT's maintenance budget into either load-related or not load-related categories and to distribute the costs across vehicle classifications. Budget allocations attributable to vehicle characteristics were divided into six categories, while all other maintenance costs were considered common to all vehicle classes and were disregarded in this analysis. The study developed a per mile axle-load-related cost based on data from weigh-in-motion stations located around the state. From this, a permit fee can be calculated. The study also shows an example of how the methodology was applied to determine a damage-related fee for a particular vehicle type, the owners of which were seeking legislation to permit higher axle- and gross-weight allowances from the 2007 Virginia General Assembly.