The purpose of this study is to develop a dynamic method for control of the mechanical efficiency of chain transmissions, as well as to substantiate it theoretically and experimentally. The proposed method, in contrast to currently used methods for control of the mechanical efficiency of chain transmissions, makes it possible to determine the level of mechanical losses in their parts mating without the use of strain measurement. It greatly simplifies the measurement procedure, eliminates errors associated with a need to calibrate the strain sensors, as well as being more cost-effective. On the basis of the method proposed in the present research factors influencing the mechanical efficiency of a double-strand sleeve-type chain transmission in a wide range of speed operating modes were studied, which is quite time-consuming task in the application of existing methods. The obtained regression equations give a clear picture of the influence rate of main factors on the chain transmission performance. Based on these results we can conclude the applicability of the method developed for the study of the research object and its control during production process.