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The Physical and Chemical Condition of Sombreiro River, Niger Delta, Nigeria
並列摘要
The physical and chemical condition of Sombreiro River in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria was studied for a period of two years (August, 2007-July, 2009). The mean temperature values varied from 28.02±1.03℃ (Odiemudie) to 28.31±0.96℃ (Ogbele). There was a steady trend of water temperature across the stations with a mean of 28.19± 0.77. The wet season mean water temperature ranged from 27.85 to 28.15℃ while the dry season ranged from 28.35 to 29.21℃. The mean pH values varied from 6.33±0.31 (Ihuaba) to 6.50±0.26 (Ogbele). The pH of station 4 (Odiemudie) 6.50 is significantly different p＜0.01. There was no significant difference between the pH of stations 2 and 3 at p＜0.01. The pH values were stable across the stations and within sampling years. The mean pH for the study period across the stations was 6.40±0.25. The wet season pH ranged from 6.38-6.52 while the dry season pH ranged from 6.10-6.45. The mean salinity values ranged from 0.0‰ (Ihuaba and Odiemudie) to 7.67±2.63‰ (Degema) and values were significantly different (p＜0.01) among the stations. The salinity trend was brackish at station 1 (Degema) and fresh stations 2-4. The mean value of the salinity across the stations was 1.96±0.96‰. The wet season salinity ranged from 0.11- 6.66‰ while the dry season salinity ranged from 0.25-10.11‰. The mean DO values at the stations ranged from 6.84±0.08 mg/L (Degema) and 7.13±0.41 mg/L (Ogbele) with a mean of 7.0 mg/L. The DO value of station 2 (7.13±0.41 mg/L) was the highest and significant at p＜0.01. This was followed by station 1 (Degema) 7.02±0.39 mg/L. Stations 3 and 4 had the same value of 6.96±0.23 mg/L. The wet season DO ranged from 6.94- 7.14 mg/L while the dry season DO ranged from 6.60-7.13 mg/L. The mean BOD values ranged from 2.12±0.70 mg/L (Degema) and 2.46±0.54 mg/L (Ogbele). Station 1 (Degema) had the least value of 2.12±0.70 mg/L and is significantly different from stations 2, 3 and 4 at p＜0.01). The mean BOD value across the stations was 2.37±0.44 mg/L. The wet season had a higher value of 2.43±0.01 mg/L while the dry seasons had a value 2.20±0.05 mg/L. The wet ranged from 2.02-2.61 mg/L while the dry season ranged from 2.11-2.35 mg/L. The mean conductivity values of the stations varied from 16.39±2.96 μS/cm (Odiemudie) to 18730.58±89.95 μS/cm (Degema) with the Degema value showing great significant difference at p＜0.01). The conductivity values for stations 2, 3, and 4 showed no significant difference. The mean conductivity value across the stations was 4695.86±2885.24 μS/cm. The wet season had a mean of 4816.2±2945.23 μS/cm while the range was from 15.00-19215.4 μS/cm. For the dry season the values were from 19.61-17553.2 μS/cm.