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Analysis of the Dependence of Power Outages on Lightning Events within the Ijebu Province, Nigeria
並列摘要
The study aimed at developing a model for lightning-induced outages in Nigeria from results obtained on determining the proportion and rate of lightning-induced outages out of the total power outages experienced in Ijebu province of Nigeria. Power outage records for Ijebu province, comprising Ijebu-Ode and Sagamu areas, Ogun state, Nigeria for the years 2002-2006 were collected from Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN). Unintentional stochastic outages were separated from those due to deliberate load shedding. Lightning events records were collected from Nigeria Meteorological Agency for the same period. The two sets of time series were superimposed. Outages with time, t＜1min after lightning events were classified as 'Lightning-Induced' (LI). Those with 1≤ t≤ 6min were classified as 'Possibly Lightning-Induced' (PLI) while those with t＞6 min were classified as 'Others' (OT). The two sets of data were analyzed in order to determine percentage of lightning-induced outagfes. Also, thunderstorm days and power line parameters were used as input data for modified FLASH 1.7 software (considering tropical region) to estimate the rate of lightning induced outages. The five-year period, 2002 to 2006, experienced no significant difference (p＜0.05) in the mean of percentage of LI outages for both areas, calculated as 8.6 for Ijebu-Ode and 9.5 for Sagamu. The corresponding values for PLI being 1 and 2%; whereas OT had values 90.4 and 88.5%. Where earth wires were available on the transmission lines, the mafn lightning-induced outage rate was 1/100km-year. The mean flashover rate for unshielded lines was 22/100km-year. A linear relationship was established between the annual lightning-induced outages and the annual lightning days for the province. Lightning accounted for approximately 10% of the random outages experienced in Ijebu province. Lightning-induced outages are linearly related to lightning days. Lightning-induced outage rate is much higher over unshielded than shielded transmission lines.