Environmental Kuznets Curve and SO_2 Emission in Pakistan

Muhammad Ismail ； Momina Saleem ； Khurram Shahzad

《Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences》 6卷4期 (2014/04) Pp. 195-200

並列摘要

In this study, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is hypothesized to examine the connection among SO_2 emission, economic growth, trade liberalization, energy consumption and population density in Pakistan with annual data from 1970-2008. The co integration analysis using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach is used. The outcomes support the hypothesis both in short-run and long-run and inverted U shaped relationship is found between SO_2 emission and growth. Interestingly we found trade support the environment positively and population contributes to environmental degradation in Pakistan. The energy consumption and growth are the major explanatory variables which contribute to environmental pollution in Pakistan. Moreover, the time series data analysis is utilized and the stability of variables in estimated model is also evaluated.

並列關鍵字

Auto Regressive ； Distributed Lag (ARDL) ； Environmental Kuznets Curve (ECK) ； environmental degradation ； SO_2