Each year a considerable number of shrimp wastes were discarded. It caused a waste of resources, but also led to environmental pollution. In order to make a reasonable use of shrimp waste, protein was extracted from Vannamei waste by calcium hydroxide and ultrasonic-assisted, then used response surface methodology to optimize experiments to find the optimum extraction method. The optimal condition, predicted protein extraction rate of 37%, was obtained under the optimum conditions of the extraction time of 81 min, the extraction temperature of 60.00°C and the extraction concentration of 0.18 g/g dry matter.