The quantitative effects of extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of solid to liquid on yield of Bletilla striata polysaccharides were investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experimental data obtained were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. By solving the regression equation and also by analyzing the response surface contour plots, the optimal polysaccharides extraction conditions were determined: Extraction temperature of 92.8°C, extraction time of 2.33 h and liquid to solid ratio 67.2 mL/g. Under these conditions, maximum yield of polysaccharides 31.41% can be achieved.