- 期刊
《南詞定律》工尺譜探析—關於例曲與崑腔曲譜的幾點考察
Analysis of Gongchi music score in "Nán cíh dìng lyù "-Some observations on sample music and Kunqiang music
摘要
《南詞定律》是今日可見最早附註工尺的曲譜，唯此譜僅點板，未點中、小眼，判讀的依據較少，使得《南詞定律》工尺譜的研究，不如成書於乾隆十一年的《九宮大成》受到關注，也較少運用於今日崑曲音樂的研究。《南詞定律》工尺譜與崑腔的關係為何？本文以量化統計《南詞定律》例曲出處，並與年代相近的曲譜比較，認為《南詞定律》「從俗」的定律觀點，有兩個具體作法：（一）重視時曲，傾向時人創作的習慣；（二）重視劇曲，以通行可唱可傳為標準。由此推論譜中工尺，與時人唱演的關聯性。其次，本文比較《南詞定律》與後世崑曲折子戲工尺譜中同劇目之曲牌，分別由「南曲戲文」、「明清傳奇」與「《牡丹亭》」比對觀察，發現傳演已久的南戲作品，《南詞定律》與後譜差異較多，這與《南詞定律》保存古調，以及南戲長期傳演，變化較多有關，《南詞定律》工尺譜可作為日後研究南戲音樂、演出版本之參考。出自明清傳奇者，正處於崑曲盛行的年代，與後世崑曲折子戲曲譜工尺更多近似，證明《南詞定律》工尺譜與崑曲的關聯。而《牡丹亭》曲文的不合律，以改本、改調就詞等方式，使之合律演唱者，各家作法不同，《南詞定律》處於改調就詞諸說紛呈的階段，前有《格正還魂記詞調》，後有《吟香堂》、《納書楹》等譜，可由此觀察《牡丹亭》曲唱的流變。
並列摘要
" Nán cíh dìng lyù "(《南詞定律》) is the earliest music score with Gong Chi notes available today. However, this score only has dotted boards, without middle and small eyes. There are difficulties in interpretation, which makes the study of" Nán cíh dìng lyù " music not as good as the one written in Qianlong." jiǒu gong dà chéng "(《九宮大成》) has attracted attention and is rarely used in the study of today' s Kunqu music. What is the relationship between Kunqiang and" Nán cíh dìng lyù " ? This article makes quantitative statistics on the source of the examples of" Nán cíh dìng lyù " and compares it with music scores of similar eras. It is believed that" Nán cíh dìng lyù " has two specific methods. Secondly, this article compares" Nán cíh dìng lyù " with the tunes of the same play in the later Kunquopera. It compares and observes from nánsì(南戲) , chuáncí (傳奇) and mǔ dan tíng(牡丹亭) respectively. It is found that the performance has been passed down. proving the connection between the music score of" Nán cíh dìng lyù " and Kunquopera .