Modern Paint Systems: Marine Antifouling Coating

許多船用塗料必需攔用防污塗層，尤其對航運產業，為的是避免過量動植物等有機生物，生長在曝露海水中之表面處。海洋生物污損對船殼流體力學產生負面影響，增加所需推進動力以及燃油消耗。本研究回顧防止海洋生物污損所需防污塗層之發展。2001年國際海事組織禁止使用Tributytin(TBT)油漆，導致替代防污塗層必需環境可接受同時能維持長時間使用。目前運用Tin-free self-polishing copolymer (SPC)與除污技術，但已建議許多替代物。如何達到既環保又有效性及績效防污係統，係現代方法所要強調之處。研究發現目前大部分海運船舶皆採用最有效含三丁錫(TBT)的有機錫化合物(organotin compound tributyltin)防污油漆，IMO新公約的出現，對業界將造成甚大影響。

關鍵字

防污；海上生物污染；生物薄膜

並列摘要

Antifouling coatings are needed in many marine applications, the shipping industry being the most important, to avoid excessive growth of plant and animal organisms (biofouling) on seawater-exposed surface areas. Biofouling can negatively affect the hydrodynamics of a hull by increasing the required propulsive power and the fuel consumption. This paper reviews the development of antifouling coatings for the prevention of marine biofouling. As a result of the 2001 International Maritime Organization (IMO) ban on tributyltin (TBT), replacement antifouling coatings have to be environmentally acceptable as well as maintain a long life. Tin-free self-polishing copolymer (SPC) and foul release technologies are current applications but many alternatives have been suggested. Modern approaches to environmentally effective antifouling systems and their performance are highlighted. Environmentally harmful tributyltin self-polishing copolyner antifouling coatings was once used by as much as 70-80% of the world fleet of ocean-going ships. IMO adopted international convention on the control of harmful anti-fouling systems on ships will impact shipping industry.