老子的政治哲學－以「治大國若烹小鮮」述要

The Policital Philosophy of Lao-tzu-from the View of "Govern a Great Nation as you Would Cook a Small Fish"

林超群(Chao-Chun Lin)

《大葉大學通識教育學報》 7期 (2011/05) Pp. 59-77

摘要

老子生於春秋時代，目睹戰亂頻仍，法令滋生，人民深受其擾，不能安於日常工作，因此領悟唯有以寂靜為要，以自然代替人為，以無為代替有為，為政不在繁複多變，才能使人民安居樂業，各司其業，各盡其職，國家才能安定。史記記載，孔子曾向老子問禮，可見老子是個有智慧的人，老子深思政治現象，以日常最簡單的煎魚動作，言說政治作為，更令吾人備覺親切易懂。本文先述老子的時代背景、知識思想學習背景的源頭，再藉烹小鮮論述老子政治思想，以管窺老子政治智慧。

關鍵字

虛靜 ； 自然 ； 無為 ； 老子 ； 政治哲學

並列摘要

The time of Lao-tzu was in Spring-Autumn and Warring States Period. He saw that then the states were full of warfare and decrees which deeply irritated the people's daily routine on agriculture and artifacts, so Lao-tzu thought that the ruling class should govern only by non-interference, by doing nothing against nature can people live and work in peace and contentment. And so, the states can become stable. We can see that Lao-tzu is a wise man according to Historical Records where writes that Confucius had ever consulted Lao-tzu on rites and rituals, and he also knows political phenomena: from frying a fish he elaborates political conduct. This paper will firstly depict the historical background, the origin and the development of its philosophy, and then elaborate Lao-tzu's philosophical thinking, in order to discover the wisdom of Lao-tzu.

並列關鍵字

stillness ； nature ； governing by non-interference ； Lao-tzu, political philosophy

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