- 期刊
一九九五年魁北克主權公投與加拿大聯邦政府的對策：其政治與法律上對應之研究
Study on 1995 Quebec's Sovereignty Plebiscite and Strategies from the Federal Government of Canada: Its Political and Legal Countermeasures
摘要
1995年魁北克主權公投在加拿大歷史上，是這個法語省分再度就是否脫離加拿大成為一主權國家而舉辦的公投。在這次公投中，魁北克提出了與加拿大其他省分成為夥伴關係的選擇性方案。這個於當年10月30日所舉辦的公投，終以極小的得票率差距被否決。而經過這場主權公投之後，加拿大聯邦政府分別在政治與法律上，採取了積極對策以反制魁北克可能發動的分離行動。無疑地在某種程度上，這些對應措施根本地，甚至排除了魁北克未來進一步分離或獨立的可能性。一如魁北克這個案例所顯示，如果任何一個主權國家的地區欲透過主權公投手段實現分離，其中央政府實有最終至高的權力來決定是否允許其片面的分離行動。它亦顯示出當主權國家處理區域差異或分離問題時，從法律或政策上建構制度性的安排或措施而非妥協，其不失為有效解決國家主權困境的一帖良方。基於這些認知，本論文首將論述魁北克問題的緣由、1995年主權公投的選舉過程、分析其選民結構與投票結果；以及加拿大聯邦政府於公投大選後，為防堵魁北克未來分離行動再度死灰復燃，所制定相關政策與法律之作為，都將是本文研究的重點。同時本文也期望魁北克追求「建國」的經驗與失敗，適可做為正在謀求國家認同共識的國家之殷鑑與啟示。本文主旨即在於此。
並列摘要
The 1995 sovereignty plebiscite, in Canadian history, was the second plebiscite to ask voters in Quebec whether this French-speaking province should secede from Canada and became an independent state, through the question proposed ”sovereignty”, along with an optional partnership offer to the rest of Canada. The referendum, held on Oct 30 of that year, was rejected by a very narrow margin of 49.42% voting ”Yes” to 50.58% voting ”No”. After that sovereignty plebiscite, some countermeasures made politically and legally by the federal government of Canada to eagerly curb the future seceding referendums initiated by Quebecers. Undoubtedly to some degrees, these actually and fundamentally restrained or even ruled out the possibility of Quebec's further secession or independence. As Quebec indicated, in case a district of the sovereign state would try to gain separation by means of referendum, the central government had the final supreme power to decide whether or not allowing its unilateral separation. It also indicated that the effectively better way dealing with regional differences or secessions was to constitute institutional arrangements or measures by law or policy rather than to make compromise with them.Based upon these perspectives, this thesis, first, will be going to expound and explore the origins of Quebec Problem, the election process of 1995 sovereignty plebiscite, to analyze its voter structure as well as voting result, and after the plebiscite election, some related policies, measures, laws drawn up by the federal government of Canada for purpose of deterring the future resurgence of Quebec secession, etc. All these will be focuses of this thesis. It is also hoped that the ”state-founding” experiences and setback in Quebec case will be well suited to those countries that are seeking national identification unanimity so as to serve as a lesson or an inspiration for them. Such are the main objectives of this thesis.