摘要
舉凡各國禁書，不外乎因性愛、社會、宗教或政治問題而遭禁，其中又以觸犯性禁忌為最多，也最無厘頭，當然這也和時空環境有密切的關係。常有人對法國會有種莫明的迷思，認為它是個浪漫的國度，沒什麼性禁忌，果真如此？那麼為什麼伏爾泰的《憨第德》（Candide）和福樓拜的《包法利夫人》（Madame Bovary）當今是法國家喻戶曉的文學經典，在當時卻是「違反社會善良秩序」、「妨害風化」十惡不赦的禁書？本文打算探討其「昨非今是」的原因，以分析法國性禁忌的演變。二十一世紀的今日，或許法國的尺度放寬了，但處於「灰色地帶」的情色文學，如米榭爾‧沃爾貝克（Michel Houellebecq）的《月台》（Platform），被視為火車站書報攤販售的廉價小說；凱特琳娜‧米雷（Catherine Millet）的《凱特琳娜‧M的性生活》（La vie sexuelle de Catherine‧M）則只不過走私密日記的變身，暴露狂的自白。那麼，二十世紀初阿波利奈（Apollinaire）的《一萬一千鞭》（Les onze mille verges）或1950年代雷亞居（Réage）的《O孃的故事》（Histoire d'O）又在浩瀚的法國文學中處於如何的地位？我們姑且不爭論作者文筆的優劣，而是以文化研究的角度看他們到底犯了什麼性禁忌，才會引起社會一陣嘩然。
並列摘要
In various countries, tabooed books are banned due to sexual, social, religious, or political issues. Among them, most violate the sexual taboos and they are the most absurd; certainly, this is because of spatiotemporal environment. People often have illusions towards France that it is a romantic country and it has few sexual taboos. Are they true? Then why are ”Candide” of Voltaire and ”Madame Bovary” of Flaubert the well-known French literature classics today but they ”violated the social discipline”, ”offended the morals and decencies”, and were unpardonably wicked banned books at that time? This article intends to get into the reasons of this judgment shifting and to analyze the evolvement of French sexual taboos.Perhaps, nowadays in the 21st century, the censorship in France is less strict. However, some erotic literature in the twilight zone, such as ”Plateforme” of Michel Houellebecq, is regarded, by some critics, as a low-priced novel sold at the kiosk of train station; so is ”La vie sexuelle de Catherine M” of Catherine Millet merely a private diary and a confession of an exhibitionist. Thus, where to situate Apollinaire's ”les onze mille verges” or Reage's ”Histoire d'O” in the immense French literature? For the time being, let's put aside the style and the writing skills and to look at, from the perspective of cultural study, what sexual taboos have these authors violated to cause such a great uproar.