獬豸傳說的源起與流變

The Origin and Development of the Legend of HAECHI

王千宜(Chian-Yi Wang)

《國立臺中科技大學通識教育學報》 1期 (2012/12) Pp. 1-15

https://doi.org/10.7052/JGE.201212.0001

摘要

2008年5月13日韓國首爾為了強化城市形象，提昇文化產業競爭力，選定來自中國傳說的奇獸－獬豸為其城市的象徵物，以建構富有傳承意義的現代城市象徵體系。獬豸從古老的中國傳說一路走到現代，其圖騰的象徵義涵及其應用的方式仍以活躍的進行式不斷衍生翻新中，並成為現代城市新美學中表現創意的新語境，其深入人心的影響力與魅力著實令人驚異，透過探索獬豸傳說的源起與流變，將有助於理解圖騰象徵，何以能在漫長的文化發展中，跨越時空與國家的界線不斷進行著傳承、更新、變異與再生，藉以開拓我們的視野，進而掌握並活用從古至今浩瀚無窮的象徵符號。近年由於文化創意產業的蓬勃興起，帶動了新一波符號學、圖像學、文化人類學的研究熱潮，運用圖騰觀念與理論深入民俗文化與宗教信仰來進行研究的則不計其數。圖騰，作為一種文化原生符號，它蘊涵著文化的源流，潛藏著文化的基本內核，對現代文化群的研究，無疑具有其無可替代的作用。活躍於中國古代傳說中的奇獸獬豸，有關於牠的記載散見於為數不少的各類文獻典籍中，其傳說起自蒙昧，經歷巫術神裁、君權神授時期，而大致抵定於政刑合一之後的帝王集權統治。本文即依其傳說時空背景的先後，舉列其中最具代表意義的著錄，以見獬豸圖騰形象與形體在傳說中的變異。

關鍵字

獬豸 ； 獨角獸 ； 圖騰象徵 ； 皋陶 ； 法獸 ； 文化創意產業

並列摘要

In order to enforce the image of the city and to enhance the competitiveness of the cultural industry, Seoul, Korea selected a legendary beast from the Chinese fiction, HAECHI, as the symbol of the city on May 13, 2008. HAECHI came from Chinese legend to the modern life. Its implication and symbolic meaning of the totem has been renovated promptly and actively. It has become the new context of delivering innovation in the new aesthetics of the modern city. People are amazed by its influence and charm. Exploring the origin and changes of the legend of Haechi can help us to understand the symbol of totem. In addition, how does it retrieve, transform, and regenerate across from the boundary of time and space during the long-term cultural development.In recent years, due to the booming of cultural and creative industries, various researches have been put the focus on Semotics, Iconography, and Intellectual Anthropology. By applying the concept and theory or totem, folk culture and religious belief have been studied profoundly. Totem, as a native cultural symbol, comprises an origin and a core of culture. It contributes to the study of cultural groups with no doubt. The odd beast HAECHI, described frequently in the ancient Chinese legend, has been recorded in a variety of types of literature classics. Those legends originated from barbaric era, experienced the period of ordeals and the divine right of kings, and finally settled in imperial authoritarian rule age. This article gives significant examples of HAECHI and the transformation of its images in the legend in accordance with the chronological order of legends.

並列關鍵字

HAECHI ； unicorn ； totemic ； Gao Yao ； Cultural and Creative Industries

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