理身如理琴──朱熹琴論與格物致知

朱熹一生以格物窮理為學，以實證精神在事事物物上一一深究，學問該洽廣博、引據明確、論述深刻有條理，對物理問題的熱情探究，間接影響了南宋、元、明、清的科學研究，其〈琴律說〉對中國琴學理論的發展有著重大影響。朱熹「格物」工夫以「立誠」為格物的起點，並非立基於客觀知識之追求，由於「立誠」令所有事物充滿道德意義，為主體建構了一個道德意義充滿的宇宙（即天理無所不在），因而格物窮理不僅帶出經驗性知識，更因為此經驗知識同時負載道德意義，「格物」成為知天理的重要途逕。朱熹教人「格物致知」，在已知之知識、認知基礎上，再去追求、深究物理、天理，博學於文，實證於日常，重新條理經典，開創儒學新局。其撰寫〈琴律說〉，能特出於前人，即應推功他以格物之精神探究律學。朱熹琴銘曰「乾坤無言物有則，我獨與子鈎其深」，前句透露的是朱熹的宇宙論，物物皆有其理，琴亦有理，皆同於天理；後句呈現的是朱子作為一名琴人，與琴對話時一種既孤獨又相濡以沫的況味。這兩句詩，點出同時身為哲人、琴人特有的心境，非朱熹寫不出。

關鍵字

朱熹；樂教；格物致知；律學；琴律；理琴如理身

並列摘要

Zhu Xi has been devoted to the study of the phenomenon of nature throughout his life and explored all beings by a positive spirit. His knowledge was extensive with a specific foundation and his argumentations were intensive. His exploration on physical issues indirectly influenced the scientific research of South Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasty. His "Explanations to the Intonation of Qin" shows great impacts on the development of qin theory in China. "Study of the Phenomenon of Nature" of Zhu Xi is based on "integrity" instead of the pursuit for objective knowledge. "Integrity" leads to moral significance to all things and constructs a moral universe for the subjects. Heavenly rule is omnipresent. Thus, the study of the phenomenon of nature leads to experiential knowledge. Besides, since the said knowledge is based on moral significance, the "Study of the Phenomenon of Nature to Acquire Knowledge" becomes an important measure to approach heavenly rule. Zhu Xi taught people to study the phenomenon of nature to acquire knowledge. Based on the acquired knowledge and cognition, they can explore physics and classics, apply them in daily lives, reorganize the classics, and create a new phase of Confucianism. The uniqueness of his "Explanations to the Intonation of Qin" in history credits to his exploration on the intonation of qin based on his drive for studying the phenomenon of nature. According to Inscription of Qin by Zhu Xi, "All beings are based on rules and I only interact with qin." The former reveals the theory of the universe of Zhu Xi and that all beings are based on rules. Qin is no exception. They are all similar to heavenly rule. The latter shows his loneliness and pleasure when interacting with qin as a player. It is the mental state as a philosopher and player of qin, which can only be expressed by Zhu Xi.

並列關鍵字

Zhu Xi ； musical cultivation ； study the phenomenon of nature to acquire knowledge ； temperament ； explanations to the intonation of qin ； Caring for qin as personal cultivation