文化差異、生活適應與在地飲食體驗對外籍移工生活滿意度的影響～兼論族群特性與居留時間的影響效果

本研究主要關切外籍移工的跨文化適應及其是否獲得生活滿意度？本研究以台南科學園區的移工為受測對象，共得到有效問卷588 份。本研究的跨文化適應採用外派人員的研究架構，研究結果顯示移工的跨文化適應與生活滿意度會受到很多包括組織支持、社會支持、教育程度與語言能力等因素的影響，加以受到族裔聚居效果的影響，移工在不同環境下實質感受的文化差異並不相同，故現有外派人員跨文化適應的研究架構並不適用於藍領移工。在地飲食屬於跨文化適應的一環，研究結果顯示移工的在地飲食體驗會正向影響生活適應與生活滿意度。此外，居留時間對移工飲食體驗也有正向影響。針對不同的移工族群，多群組分析的結果顯示除了組織支持的效果之外，社會支持、教育程度與語言能力等因素明顯影響高文化差異群體的生活適應與滿意度。而在地飲食體驗則對低文化差異群體的生活適應與滿意度有明顯正向的影響。本研究也提出包含組織支持與社會支持的研究新架構。另外，根據研究結果衍伸的管理意涵，本研究也提供數項實務建議。

關鍵字

外籍移工；生活適應；文化差異；生活滿意度；在地飲食體驗

並列摘要

This study aims at investigating the general adjustment and life satisfaction of the migrant workers during their sojourn in Taiwan. A survey was conducted to migrants workers currently employed with the factories in the Tainan Science Park and a total of 588 useable questionnaires were obtained. Results from the structural equation modeling analysis indicate that two hypotheses were not supported. Further analysis reveals that the tasks, work conditions and life styles differ significantly between expatriates and migrant workers, resulting in disparate adjustment experiences, which in turn causes some of the hypotheses originally developed for the expatriates to be rejected. It has been revealed that cultural differences were substantially minimized under the ethnic enclave settings. Further analysis shows that both organizational and social support play an important role in boosting migrant workers' general adjustment and life satisfaction. Additional analysis reveals that ethnicity does play a role in affecting local food experience and life satisfaction. Length of sojourn only affects the relationship between cultural differences and local food experience. This study provides empirical support for implying the important role local food experience plays in enhancing general adjustment and life satisfaction for migrant workers. In addition, a number of managerial implications are also offered.