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日據末期台灣軍需工業化政策之特色及其影響(1931~1945)
THE CHARACTERISTIC AND INFLUENCE OF MILITARY INDUSTRIALIZATION POLICY IN TAIWAN ON THE LAST STAGE OF THE JAPANESE DOMINION (1931-1945)
摘要
1931 年「九一八事變」爆發後，日本推行所謂「經濟再編成」，從事「農業改造」、「工業化」、「統制經濟」，台灣雖然未必有同樣情境，但當時仍屬日本殖民地，故經濟發展乃沿此一方向前進。本文主要透過歷史文獻回顧法與歸納法之分析途徑，探討日據末期，總督府對台灣工業化的具體作為，期望藉由擴充電力與運輸通訊事業政策、新興工業政策、戰時統制經濟政策，來觀察日據末期台灣工業結構的變化，同時，並就此一過程，進行整體評價，藉以瞭解軍需工業化對台灣發展的影響。綜合本文之研究發現，主要有下列幾點：1.在日本政府主導下，日據末期台灣工業結構逐漸由米、糖為中心的農產加工業，轉向具高度戰備特性的國防及軍需工業，相關基礎建設也隨工業化進展而日趨完備。2.日據末期台灣工業化程度，在亞洲地區僅次於日本，此一成就，為台灣經濟發展奠定良好的基礎。3.軍需工業化過程中，台灣雖扮演供應日本軍糧及補充財政赤字的角色，然國民政府在接收日資企業後，不但將主要部份留作公營，也善用其留下的軟硬體設施，如此的安排，決定了戰後台灣經濟發展的結構與方向。
並列摘要
After the ＂September 18th Incident＂ in 1931, the Japanese government launched a so-called ＂economical restructuring＂ movement in Japan with the implementation of a few policies, including agricultural reform, industrialization, and controlled economy. Although the movement was not promoted in Taiwan, which was then under the Japanese rule, the economic development of Taiwan seemed to follow that in Japan. This paper primarily used methods of Historical Literature Review and Induction Analysis, discussing the practical policies of industrialization Taiwan Governor-General Office took in expending electricity and transportation and communication businesses, governing emerging industries and wartime controlled economy in order to see the changes of industrial structure in Taiwan on the last stage of the Japanese dominion. Also, an evaluation of the overall development was conducted to understand the influence of military industrialization on Taiwan. Findings of this paper can be summarized as follows: 1.Under the dominance of the Japanese government, the industrial structure in Taiwan on the last stage of the Japanese dominion gradually shifted from agricultural processing, such as rice or sugar, to wartime oriented military industry, relevant developments on infrastructure were also getting completed. 2.The extent of industrialization of Taiwan on the last stage of the Japanese dominion was only second to that of Japan. And this had laid foundation for Taiwan's future economic development. 3.In the development of military industry during this period of time, Taiwan played a supportive role in army provisions and making up financial deficits. After Taiwan was restored, the Nationalist government took over Japanese-invested companies, made some key companies state-run, and fully utilized the equipment set up during the colonial period. Such development determined the structure and direction of the post-war economy of Taiwan.