- 期刊
台中地區氣喘兒與一般幼兒於生活型態之比較
Comparative Lifestyles: Children With and Without Asthma in Taichung, Taiwan
摘要
目的：旨在探討台中地區學齡前氣喘兒及一般幼兒在生活型態表現之差異性，並進一步分析影響氣喘兒生活型態之氣喘變項。方法：採用問卷調查法，利用自編的「幼兒生活型態量表」為研究工具，並透過立案幼托園所以及醫院小兒科與氣喘專門門診發放問卷，取得有效問卷505份（包含114位氣喘兒及391位一般幼兒），問卷調查所得資料，分別採用描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析與多元逐步迴歸等統計方法，進行資料分析與處理。結果：（1）台中地區幼兒普遍展現正向的生活型態。（2）一般幼兒在「生活作息規律性」、「社會性活動多寡」、「生活自理能力」、「照顧者情緒穩定度」以及「生活型態總量表」之表現，明顯優於氣喘兒。（3）氣喘控制程度、初次診斷為氣喘至今時間、氣喘發作時間、氣喘發作原因、氣喘治療效果不同之氣喘兒，其生活型態有顯著差異。（4）氣喘變項中，包括氣喘治療效果、發作原因及初次診斷氣喘至今的時間，可預測氣喘兒的生活型態。結論：研究發現氣喘兒會因為疾病不適感，影響了生活作習的規律性與自理能力，且若受到照顧者的過度保護，便會減少社會性活動，加上長期的疾病壓力，也會連帶影響照顧者的情緒穩定度，上述種種情況都會影響其生活型態。
並列摘要
Purposes: This study investigated differences in lifestyle between asthmatic and non-asthmatic children in the Taichung area of Central Taiwan. This study further discussed the asthmatic background factors contributing to lifestyle differences. Methods: Researchers issue questionnaires in certified kindergartens, nursery schools and hospital pediatric departments and retrieved 505 effective questionnaires that included 114 asthmatic and 391 non-asthmatic children. Referencing the literature, we developed a ”Self-Designed Children Lifestyle Scale” questionnaire that gathered empirical data on ”Daily Routine”, ”Social Activity”, ”Self-Attendance Ability” and ”Caregiver Emotional Stability.” Descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, and multiple regressions were used in data analysis. Results: Main study findings were: (1) ”Lifestyle performance” of all participants was generally positive; (2) Overall questionnaire results found non-asthmatic children to maintain a more positive lifestyle than their asthmatic counterparts; (3) Asthmatic children with different asthma backgrounds in terms of ”control level of asthma”, ”time of initial diagnosis of asthma”, ”outbreak time”, ”outbreak causes”, and ”the efficacy of treatment” behaved significantly different from one another in terms of lifestyle performance; (4) Asthma background, which included ”efficacy of treatment”, ”outbreak causes” and ”time of initial diagnosis of asthma,” were predictable indicators of lifestyle. Conclusions: Illness-induced discomfort affects the daily routine and self-care abilities of asthmatic children. Furthermore, excessive protectiveness by primary caregivers and long-term illness-induced stress can reduce asthmatic children's level of social activities, which can then have emotional impact on caregivers. All the above factors can affect the lifestyle of asthmatic children.