社區防範極端氣候災害之物業管理關鍵要素研究

全球氣候變遷造成近年來台灣地區2021-2022連續兩年因颱風未登陸及靠近台灣而引起嚴重旱災與缺水告急，而極端氣候與暖化造成都會區因短時強降雨淹水以及2023年因高溫造成登革熱確診人數大爆發死亡人數激增，因此社區如何因應全球氣候變遷引發的極端氣候災害必須加以高度重視並積極提出因應對策。故本研究目的是分析物業管理如何因應氣候變遷災難等各種天災，並深入探討社區防範極端氣候災害之物業管理關鍵要素研究，本研究透過文獻檢索法來分析社區針對極端氣候災害預防管理的關鍵因素，並應用層級分析法進行專家問卷來建立極端氣候災害防範管理各關鍵因素的權重比例以供決策參考。經層級分析法專家問卷分析結果得出社區防範極端氣候災害之物業管理關鍵要素權重排序前五名的因素是：（1）預防豪雨及海水倒灌淹水管理（2）區域排水系統與滯洪設施維護管理（3）防超級颱風造成建築物損害管理（4）預防土石流管理（5）預防植栽衍生災害與損失管理。建議社區應將前列關鍵要素納入參考。經實證案例分析驗證本研究之結果防範致災性短時強降雨與超級颱風之管理以及防範旱災與氣溫異常災害之管理是社區防範極端氣候災害之物業管理關鍵要素。

關鍵字

物業管理；社區防災管理；極端氣候

並列摘要

In recent years, due to global climate change, Taiwan has experienced severe droughts and water shortages caused by typhoons not making landfall but approaching the island in 2021-2022. Additionally, urban areas have faced flooding from short bursts of heavy rainfall and a significant increase in dengue fever cases and deaths in 2023 due to high temperatures. Therefore, it's crucial to prioritize how communities respond to extreme weather disasters caused by global climate change and actively propose coping strategies. This study aims to analyze how property management copes with climate change disasters and explores key elements in community resilience against extreme weather disasters. Through literature review and expert surveys using Analytic Hierarchy Process, this research establishes the weighted proportions of key factors in managing extreme weather disaster prevention. The top five weighted factors in property management for community resilience against extreme weather disasters are: (1) management of preventing heavy rainfall and coastal flooding, (2) maintenance of regional drainage systems and flood control facilities, (3) management of preventing building damage from super typhoons, (4) prevention of landslides, and (5) management of preventing plant-related disasters and losses. Communities are advised to consider these top factors in their planning. Evidence-based case analysis verifies the results of this study, emphasizing that effective property management plays a crucial role in community resilience against extreme weather disasters such as short-duration heavy rainfall and super typhoons, as well as in mitigating droughts and abnormal temperature-related disasters.