- 期刊
應用無人機於馬祖大鳳頭燕鷗與瀕危黑嘴端鳳頭燕鷗之巢位調查
Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to census nest site of Greater Crested Tern Thalasseus bergii and critically endangered Chinese Crested Tern Thalasseus bernsteini in Matsu, Taiwan
摘要
黑嘴端鳳頭燕鷗（Thalasseus bernsteini）是台灣數量最瀕危稀有的海鳥，為了在不對繁殖燕鷗造成過度干擾的情況下進行調查，本研究在2017年於馬祖列島燕鷗保護區中利用旋翼無人機收集島嶼環境資料，並定位島嶼上每一個大鳳頭燕鷗（T. bergii）與黑嘴端鳳頭燕鷗的繁殖巢位。2017年的6月8日透過無人機調查在鐵尖島上共發現10個黑嘴端鳳頭燕鷗巢位與1643巢大鳳頭燕鷗巢位，並在7月6日發現4個黑嘴端鳳頭燕鷗巢位與970巢大鳳頭燕鷗巢位。本研究並利用generalized linear models分析島嶼之坡度、高度與植被覆蓋度對兩種燕鷗巢位分布之影響程度。結果發現在地勢較高（高潮位線13公尺以上）、坡度較緩（25度以下）且植被覆蓋率較低（22%以下）的樣區中，有較高機率（50%以上）的大鳳頭燕鷗巢位分布。而且，黑嘴端鳳頭燕鷗偏好在大鳳頭燕鷗巢位密度較高的區域中繁殖。此外，在距離觀鳥屋較遠的樣區也發現有顯著較高的大鳳頭燕鷗巢位密度，島嶼上的人造物可能對燕鷗巢位偏好有負面影響。整體而言，鐵尖嶼尚可透過植被整理釋出更多合適空間供燕鷗繁殖，無人機的使用突破了過去在難以抵達的海島上不易調查巢區全貌的限制，可提升海鳥巢區監測的效率與準確度，未來應將無人機視作海鳥調查之重要工具。
並列摘要
The Chinese Crested Tern, Thalasseus bernsteini (CCT), is the most critically endangered seabird species in Taiwan. CCT nests sympatrically with the Great Crested Tern, T. bergii (GCT), on seven protected islands within the Matsu Island Tern Refuge (MITR). To minimize disturbances during the breeding season, we used Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to locate CCT nests and built digital surface models of the protected islands in the MITR. In 2017, we found 10 CCT nests and 1643 GCT nests on Tiejien Island on 8 June, and another 4 CCT nests and 970 GCT nests on 6 July. We also used generalized linear models to distinguish the effects of elevation, slope, and vegetation coverage on the probability of CCT and GCT nest occurrence. The model indicated that GCT preferred to nest on high (＞13 m above high tide line), flat (slope ＜ 25°), and less vegetation cover (＜ 22%) ground, while CCT preferred to nest within higher GCT nest density areas. In addition, we found that GCT nest density significantly increased with the distance to bird blinds, which may imply a negative impact of human disturbance on the terns' nest site preferences. In conclusion, we found that the removal of more vegetation on Tiejien Island would provide more nesting areas for CCT and GCT colonies. UAVs served as an important tool in improving the accuracy and efficiency of seabird colony and habitat monitoring on hard to reach islands.