- 期刊
文藝復興時期西歐步兵戰術的新發展
The New Development of Infantry Tactics in Western Europe in Renaissance
摘要
十四至十七世紀西歐地區所產生的軍事革命，近半世紀以來為歐美史學家研究的焦點之一。這段期間發生的軍事革命，不僅是西歐文化上由中古轉向近代時所表現出的一個面向，使戰爭的型態由中古的野蠻轉為近代的科學；更使西歐的社會產生重大的變革，且讓西歐的軍事技術此後長期獨步全球。由中古步向近代的軍事革命，以步兵革命為開端。步兵革命改變了中古時期西歐的重騎兵在戰場上獨大的局面，證明了步兵能打敗騎兵，打破了戰場上騎兵無敵的神話。且改變了西歐的戰爭型態與社會狀況，形塑出近代的戰爭與社會的雛形。本文將以長時段的角度，先略論重騎兵在西歐興起的原因，指出中古騎士與戰爭的特點，以及步兵在當時戰場中的處境。再綜論英國長弓兵與瑞士步兵及其對中古末期戰爭型態的改變。
並列摘要
The military revolution that happened from fourteenth to seventeenth century western Europe has been one of the foci of academic research in Europe. The military revolution happened in this period, not only represented one of the changing aspects of European culture from medieval to modern days─the arts of warfare from the uncivilized medieval way to scientific modern way; but also changed the Europe society greatly, making the military technology of Europe become the best in the world. Infantry revolution was one of the first military modernization revolutions. Infantry revolution changed the domination of heavy cavalries in battle fields, proved that infantries can beat cavalries. It demythologized the legend that the cavalries were unmatched in battle fields. At last it changed the way of warfare and society, making the model of modern warfare and society.This article, at first, will investigate the factors for the rise of heavy cavalry in western Europe. It also explains the feature of medieval cavalry and warfare, and the position of infantry in medieval battle fields. Then it will explore how the English longbow men and Swiss infantry transformed the warfare in late medieval age.