崇高、交流、自由－郝景芳《流浪蒼穹》的烏托邦追求

在中國「更新代」科幻小說家當中，曾獲「雨果獎」的郝景芳備受關注。郝景芳首部長篇小說《流浪蒼穹》虛構了一個實行社會主義的火星烏托邦，以及資本主義的地球；兩個文明時而衝突，時而交往。本文認為，《流浪蒼穹》不僅蘊含了郝景芳創作至今的重要文學主題，更是當代中國烏托邦書寫的一次重要嘗試。本文細析《流浪蒼穹》展現的烏托邦追求，分析火星展現的社會設計怎樣投射了郝景芳對當代中國歷史進程的理解與想像，以及對「崇高」社會理想的召喚。另，本文意欲指出文明之間的相互承認，相互理解，相互溝通是郝景芳科幻小說的文學信念，以及這種文學信念與其成長和生活經歷的關連。本文亦會通過洛盈對自由的追尋，探問郝景芳對於自由的思考。最後，本文把《流浪蒼穹》置入後毛澤東時期的烏托邦／反烏托邦小說譜系，析論其獨特位置。

關鍵字

烏托邦；崇高；交流；自由；科幻小說

並列摘要

Hao Jingfang, a Hugo Award-winning author, has emerged as a prominent figure among the "new generation" of science fiction writers in China. Her debut novel, Vagabonds, constructs a narrative that juxtaposes a socialist utopia on Mars with a capitalist Earth, where the two civilizations collide and interact. This article contends that Vagabonds not only encapsulates significant literary themes within Hao's body of work, but also that it represents a noteworthy endeavor in contemporary Chinese utopian writing. Delving into the novel's exploration of utopian ideals, this study examines the social designs manifested on Mars, illuminating how they mirror Hao's understanding and imaginative interpretation of China's contemporary historical trajectory, as well as her invocation of the "sublime" social ideal. In addition, the article sheds light on the profound belief in mutual recognition, understanding, and communication between civilizations that permeates Hao's science fiction, intertwined with her personal growth and life experiences. By tracing the protagonist Luoying's pursuit of freedom, this article further probes Hao's contemplation of this fundamental human aspiration. Finally, the article situates Vagabonds within the broader spectrum of post-Maoist utopian/dystopian novels, offering a comprehensive analysis of its distinctive position and contribution to the genre.